Epidemiology, therapy, and prevention of infection with Shigella organisms and Clostridium difficile

Lima, Aldo Ângelo Moreira; Lima, N. L.

doi:10.1097/00001432-199302000-00013

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Overall, nalidixic acid is effective in the majority of patients with shigellosis who receive therapy at both hospitals and the urban community in the northeast of Brazil. Thus, the presumptive treatment for shigellosis in our hospitals and community areas has become nalidixic acid (25,33). Indeed, in most developing countries, treatment of shigellosis must of necessity be empirical because facilities for routine culture of stool samples are not available.…”

Section: Downloaded Frommentioning

confidence: 99%

High frequency of strains multiply resistant to ampicillin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, streptomycin, chloramphenicol, and tetracycline isolated from patients with shigellosis in northeastern Brazil during the period 1988 to 1993

Lima

Pinho

et al. 1995

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The occurrence and antimicrobial resistance pattern of Shigella isolates obtained from persons in community and hospital-based studies of diarrhea and matched controls in northeastern Brazil were studied. The isolation rate of Shigella spp. from patients with diarrhea during 1988 to 1993 varied from 4.5% (26 of 575) for the urban community of Gonçalves Dias to 6.7% (12 of 179) and 5.9% (7 of 119) for Hospital Infantil and Hospital Universitário, respectively. Of the 55 Shigella isolates (45 from patients with diarrhea, 8 from controls, and 2 undetermined) 73% (40 of 55) were Shigella flexneri, 16% (9 of 55) were S. sonnei, 7% (4 of 55) were S. boydii, and 4% (2 of 55) were S. dysenteriae. Of 39 S. flexneri strains, over half were resistant to ampicillin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, or both. Over 64% were resistant to streptomycin, chloramphenicol, and tetracycline. Overall, 82% of all S. flexneri isolates were resistant to four or more antimicrobial agents tested. As elsewhere, in the northeast of Brazil, ampicillin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole are no longer reliable for treatment of S. flexneri infection. Most Shigella strains were resistant to four or more antimicrobial agents. Nalidixic acid was still useful for treatment of infections due to S. flexneri.

show abstract

Section: Downloaded Frommentioning

confidence: 99%

High frequency of strains multiply resistant to ampicillin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, streptomycin, chloramphenicol, and tetracycline isolated from patients with shigellosis in northeastern Brazil during the period 1988 to 1993

Lima

Pinho

et al. 1995

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Lima e Lima 25 relatam que ácido nalidíxico é um antimicrobiano eficaz na terapêutica contra shigelose, em se tratando de cepas resistentes a outros antimicrobianos comumente empregados. Para essas cepas de Shigella spp.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Avaliação da susceptibilidade e resistência antimicrobiana de cepas de Shigella spp. isoladas de pacientes com diarréia nosocomial

Mesquita

Lima

2009

cmbio

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Nos casos da diarréia aguda que requerem antibioticoterapia, a escolha correta dos antimicrobianos depende do conhecimento prévio das cepas locais. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a susceptibilidade e resistência de cepas de Shigella spp., isoladas por coprocultura de pacientes com diarréia nosocomial. Realizou-se cultura para Shigella spp. de fezes de pacientes com diarréia e de seus controles, coletadas por emissão espontânea, de julho de 1988 a fevereiro de 1993 e de novembro de 1991 a julho de 1993. Depois de purificadas e identificadas, por métodos bioquímicos, foi realizada a sorotipagem nas cepas de Shigella spp. isoladas, utilizando-se como referência o antígeno O. Para determinar o padrão de susceptibilidade e resistência antimicrobiana, utilizou-se o método da difusão com discos de papel, em meio ágar. Os resultados demonstraram que as cepas de Shigella spp. isoladas foram identificadas como Shigella flexneri. A atividade antimicrobiana in vitro, contra as cepas de Shigella flexneri, demonstrou resistência a: ampicilina e estreptomicina (100%); trimetoprima-sulfametoxazol, tetraciclina e cloranfenicol (85,71%); ampicilina + ácido clavulânico (66,66%); canamicina e gentamicina (42,86%); e ácido nalidíxico (14,29%). Todas as cepas testadas foram sensíveis a ciprofloxacina e ceftriaxona. Conclui-se que Shigella flexneri é a principal espécie isolada de pacientes com diarréia nosocomial, o que mostra um padrão de resistência múltipla a ampicilina, trimetoprima-sulfametoxazol, estreptomicina, cloranfenicol e tetraciclina. Portanto, esses antimicrobianos são ineficazes para o tratamento de shigelose no HUWC. Monitoração contínua dos padrões de resistência de Shigella spp. é essencial para o estabelecimento e atualização de um guia para orientar a antibioticoterapia em shigelose.

show abstract

“…During the last 20 years the number of diseases related to C. difficile, especially the nosocomial diarrhea, has been steadily growing [4][5][6][7][8][9]. The majority of the toxigenic strains of C. difficile, whose toxigenicity was described initially in 1935 [10], yield two types of exotoxins, toxin A (TxA) and toxin B (TxB), heat-labile proteins of 308-and 270-kDa MW respectively, both playing an active role on establishing or aggravating the clinical evolution of nosocomial diarrhea [7,11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ileal Smooth Muscle Motility Depression on Rabbit Induced by Toxin A from Clostridium difficile

et al. 2007

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This study is aimed at elucidating with in vitro experiments the time course of alteration of ileal motility caused by in vivo exposure of ligated loops of ileum to toxin A (1 microg/ligated loop) of Clostridium difficile. In the sham-operated animals no significant alteration of motility was observed. In ligated loops directly injected with toxin A and in loops neighboring those administered with this toxin, a biphasic time course of motility alterations was observed. There was initially (2 h after toxin administration) an increase in spontaneous motility and in the amplitude of maximal contraction induced by potassium and acetylcholine. Afterwards there was a progressive depression of motility, which was more severe in loops directly injected. These results suggested a significant progressive depression of rabbit ileal motility induced by toxin A from C. difficile.

show abstract

Epidemiology, therapy, and prevention of infection with Shigella organisms and Clostridium difficile

Cited by 6 publications

References 0 publications

High frequency of strains multiply resistant to ampicillin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, streptomycin, chloramphenicol, and tetracycline isolated from patients with shigellosis in northeastern Brazil during the period 1988 to 1993

High frequency of strains multiply resistant to ampicillin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, streptomycin, chloramphenicol, and tetracycline isolated from patients with shigellosis in northeastern Brazil during the period 1988 to 1993

Avaliação da susceptibilidade e resistência antimicrobiana de cepas de Shigella spp. isoladas de pacientes com diarréia nosocomial

Ileal Smooth Muscle Motility Depression on Rabbit Induced by Toxin A from Clostridium difficile

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About