Epidemiology of vitamin A deficiency and xerophthalmia in at-risk populations

Sherwin, Justin C; Reacher, Mark; Dean, William H.; Ngondi, Jeremiah

doi:10.1016/j.trstmh.2012.01.004

Cited by 129 publications

(97 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…Vitamin A deficiency is a global health challenge 62 , making the development of sustainable vitamin A sources a priority for crop improvement. Its plentiful carotenoids make carrot an important source of provitamin A in the human diet 6 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A high-quality carrot genome assembly provides new insights into carotenoid accumulation and asterid genome evolution

et al. 2016

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5 7Carrot (Daucus carota subsp. carota L.; 2n = 2x = 18) is a globally important root crop whose production has quadrupled between 1976 and 2013 (FAO Statistics; see URLs), outpacing the overall rate of increase in vegetable production and world population growth (FAO Statistics; see URLs) through development of high-value products for fresh consumption, juices, and natural pigments and cultivars adapted to warmer production regions 1 .The first documented colors for domesticated carrot root were yellow and purple in Central Asia approximately 1,100 years ago 2,3 , with orange carrots not reliably reported until the sixteenth century in Europe 4,5 . The popularity of orange carrots is fortuitous for modern consumers because the orange pigmentation results from high quantities of alpha-and beta-carotene, making carrots the richest source of provitamin A in the US diet 6 . Carrot breeding has substantially increased nutritional value, with a 50% average increase in carotene content in the United States as compared to 40 years ago 6 . Lycopene and lutein in red and yellow carrots, respectively, are also nutritionally important carotenoids, making carrot a model system to study storage root development and carotenoid accumulation.Carrot is the most important crop in the Apiaceae family, which includes numerous other vegetables, herbs, spices, and medicinal plants that enhance the epicurean experience 7 , including celery, parsnip, arracacha, parsley, fennel, coriander, and cumin. The Apiaceae family belongs to the euasterid II clade, which includes important crops such as lettuce and sunflower 8 . Genome sequences of euasterid I species have been reported, but only two genomes 9,10 have been published among the other euasterid II species.Here we report a high-quality genome assembly of a doubledhaploid orange carrot, characterization of the mechanism controlling carotenoid accumulation in storage roots, and the resequencing of 35 accessions spanning the genetic diversity of the Daucus genus. Our comprehensive genomic analyses provide insights into the evolution of the asterids and several gene families. These results will facilitate biological discovery and crop improvement in carrot and other crops.A high-quality carrot genome assembly provides new insights into carotenoid accumulation and asterid genome evolution We report a high-quality chromosome-scale assembly and analysis of the carrot (Daucus carota) genome, the first sequenced genome to include a comparative evolutionary analysis among members of the euasterid II clade. We characterized two new polyploidization events, both occurring after the divergence of carrot from members of the Asterales order, clarifying the evolutionary scenario before and after radiation of the two main asterid clades. Large- and small-scale lineage-specific duplications have contributed to the expansion of gene families, including those with roles in flowering time, defense response, flavor, and pigment accumulation. We identified a candidate gene, DCAR_032551, that conditions caro...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A high-quality carrot genome assembly provides new insights into carotenoid accumulation and asterid genome evolution

et al. 2016

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“…It is a major cause of xerophthalmia, night blindness, and anemia [5]. Moreover, it is essential for immune functions and mucosal integrity, and inadequate supply is associated with a higher susceptibility for intestinal and respiratory infections [6,7]. Through its role in gene regulation, vitamin A is involved in fetal development, organogenesis, limb formation, and body symmetry.…”

Section: Vitamin Amentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitamins for the First 1000 Days: Preparing for Life

Elmadfa

Meyer

2012

International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research

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Abstract:Vitamins are essential nutrients for many body functions and particularly important during growth. Adequate supply in pregnancy and in early infancy is therefore crucial, but there is still a lack of knowledge about the needed amounts of vitamins of children older than six months and also during pregnancy. Recommendations for intake levels are generally derived by extrapolation from data for infants based in turn on the contents in breast milk and those for adults. A vitamin of particular importance in pregnancy is folic acid due to its role in the development of the brain and nerve system and the prevention of fetal neural tube defects (NTD). Mandatory fortifi cation of fl our and certain other grain products in many countries has been associated with a reduction in NTD incidence. However, other defi ciencies or suboptimal status of B vitamins, especially B 6 and B 12 have been repeatedly reported in pregnant women also in high-income countries. Vitamin A is one of the three most critical micronutrients globally and pregnant women and young children are especially vulnerable to defi ciencies. Night blindness, anemia, and immunodefi ciency are major consequences of inadequate supply in these populations. Much attention has recently been accorded vitamin D that is also critical in pregnant women and young children for instance because of its involvement in bone mineralization but also its more recently discovered immune-modulating function that is thought to prevent development of autoimmune diseases like diabetes mellitus type I. A healthy balanced diet provides the best basis for optimal pregnancy outcome, lactation performance, and complementary feeding. However, supplements or fortifi ed foods may be needed to cover the high requirements especially of critical vitamins such as vitamin D and folic acid and to correct unfavorable dietary patterns in women or to adapt foods to the needs of young children.

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“…Nevertheless, the findings are justified by the fact that vitamin A is strongly involved in physical growth, which can be intense in children and adolescents undergoing a growth spurt, a period that requires more vitamin A [1,2,11] Additionally, children and adolescents are susceptible to cultural, social, and environmental influences, possibly promoting inappropriate eating habits and lower intake of dietary sources of vitamins and minerals [12] and contributing to the development of important deficiency-related conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitamin A deficiency and factors associated with retinol levels in public school students

et al. 2017

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A B S T R A C T ObjectiveTo estimate the prevalence of vitamin A deficiency and determine the socioeconomic and demographic factors associated with serum retinol levels in public school students. MethodsThis cross-sectional study included 245 students from the urban and rural areas of the city of Teresina, Piauí, Brazil. Socioeconomic data were collected using a form. Serum retinol level was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography and classified according to the cut-off points provided by the World Health Organization. All statistical tests had a significance level of 5%. ResultsThe prevalence of vitamin A deficiency (retinol level <0.70μmol/L) was 9.8% (95%CI=7.9-10.0). The prevalences of low and acceptable retinol levels (<1.05mmol/L) were higher in students aged 12-14 years living in households Revista de NutriçãoRev. Nutri., Campinas, 30(5):605-614, set./out

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Epidemiology of vitamin A deficiency and xerophthalmia in at-risk populations

Cited by 129 publications

References 56 publications

A high-quality carrot genome assembly provides new insights into carotenoid accumulation and asterid genome evolution

A high-quality carrot genome assembly provides new insights into carotenoid accumulation and asterid genome evolution

Vitamins for the First 1000 Days: Preparing for Life

Vitamin A deficiency and factors associated with retinol levels in public school students

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