Epidemiology of Urogenital Trichomoniasis

Lossick, Joseph G.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4612-3224-7_17

Cited by 31 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Past findings have documented N. gonorrhoeae as the sexually transmitted agent most commonly codetected with T. vaginalis (16,24). Our study corroborates these data to a certain extent by demonstrating an elevated odds ratio for concomitant N. gonorrhoeae detection in genital specimens yielding T. vaginalis upon direct saline preparation (Table 2).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

“…Chlamydia incidence in the Milwaukee metropolitan area in 2006 was 77.4% and 88.9% higher than rates reported for Cincinnati and Baltimore, respectively (7). Because other sexually transmitted agents, especially N. gonorrhoeae (16,24), are frequently codetected with T. vaginalis, a potentially high T. vaginalis prevalence throughout this entire community setting was deduced, providing a multifaceted demographic to investigate the impact of molecular ASR. Furthermore, analysis of an in toto health care population is pertinent, compared to the focused study of adolescent women (18), because trichomoniasis is observed with significant frequency over an expansive range of age groups (24,25).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Reports have since shown the significance of antecedent T. vaginalis infection, especially in human immunodeficiency virus coinfection (22,37), acquisition (21), and transmission (17,23); in pregnancy-related complications (10,43); and in associations with pelvic inflammatory disease (16) and Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection (16,24). T. vaginalis is currently thought to be responsible for approximately 50% of all curable infections worldwide (5); worldwide estimates of annual trichomoniasis incidence have reached 180 million cases (42).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Impact of Trichomonas vaginalis Transcription-Mediated Amplification-Based Analyte-Specific-Reagent Testing in a Metropolitan Setting of High Sexually Transmitted Disease Prevalence

et al. 2008

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Trichomoniasis is a significant sexually transmitted disease (STD) in the spectrum of public health and primary care because of its association with agents such as human immunodeficiency virus and Neisseria gonorrhoeae. However, its true significance may be underestimated due to diagnostic modalities that exhibit poor sensitivity. A total of 1,086 genital specimens from two urban emergency departments, a suburban urgent-care facility, and a metropolitan outpatient physician group were subjected to transcription-mediated amplification-based Trichomonas vaginalis analyte-specific-reagent (ASR) testing (Gen-Probe, Inc.). The rate of positive molecular ASR results (14.5%) doubled that of direct saline preparation (7.0%; P < 0.0002). Analogous increases were observed at one emergency department and within the outpatient physician group (P < 0.0002). No significant increase in the rate of positive molecular ASR results was observed from the facilities that encountered a lower frequency of black/African American patients. While positive T. vaginalis findings via direct saline preparation did not have a significant association with concomitant Chlamydia trachomatis or N. gonorrhoeae infection overall, a positive T. vaginalis ASR result was a better predictor of concomitant C. trachomatis or N. gonorrhoeae infection (odds ratios of 2.34 and 4.46, respectively; P < 0.0001). The increased rate of positive T. vaginalis ASR results was observed in both point-of-care (P ‫؍‬ 0.02 versus direct saline preparation) and laboratory (P ‫؍‬ 0.003) testing. Highly sensitive T. vaginalis molecular ASR not only transcends issues of specimen integrity and microscopic acumen but also has an increased ability to predict the likelihood of additional STDs in defined populations.In spite of the discovery of Trichomonas vaginalis nearly 175 years ago and documentation of its inhabitation of the female urogenital tract and the male urinary tract in the late 1800s, pathogenicity was not ascribed to this agent until the European literature of the 20th century (19). Reports have since shown the significance of antecedent T. vaginalis infection, especially in human immunodeficiency virus coinfection (22, 37), acquisition (21), and transmission (17, 23); in pregnancy-related complications (10, 43); and in associations with pelvic inflammatory disease (16) and Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection (16,24). T. vaginalis is currently thought to be responsible for approximately 50% of all curable infections worldwide (5); worldwide estimates of annual trichomoniasis incidence have reached 180 million cases (42).While the aforementioned data may be of tremendous significance, trichomoniasis prevalence rates, both worldwide and in the United States, are thought to be grossly underestimated. Schwebke and Burgess (32) hypothesize that the variable sensitivity of T. vaginalis diagnostic testing contributes partially to these artificially low statistics. Direct examination of genital saline collections continues to serve as a common basis for laboratory detection...

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impact of Trichomonas vaginalis Transcription-Mediated Amplification-Based Analyte-Specific-Reagent Testing in a Metropolitan Setting of High Sexually Transmitted Disease Prevalence

et al. 2008

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“…Trichomoniasis is frequently seen concomitantly with other STDs, particularly gonorrhea (66). The majority of women with trichomoniasis also have bacterial vaginosis (44,108,119).…”

Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Trichomoniasis

2004

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Trichomoniasis is perhaps the most common curable sexually transmitted disease worldwide, yet few resources are devoted to its control. It is associated with potentially serious complications such as preterm birth and human immunodeficiency virus acquisition and transmission. The immunology of a related organism, Tritrichomonas foetus, which causes disease in cattle, has been investigated to some extent, but more work is needed for the human strain, Trichomonas vaginalis. In addition, although trichomoniasis is easily treated with oral metronidazole, there is concern that the number of strains resistant to this antibiotic are increasing, and currently no alternative is licensed in the United States. As more is appreciated concerning the important public health implications of this common infection, more work will need to be done in understanding the diagnosis, treatment, and immunology of this organism

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“…Higher prevalence exists among pregnant women (20-25%), symptomatic women (25-50%), and sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinic patients (20-30%) [3]. Risk factors for T. vaginalis include multiple sexual partners, low socioeconomic status, African American race, concurrent gonorrhea, any previous STD or nonuse of barrier contraception [4]. Women using hormonal contraceptives experience a lower rate of trichomoniasis when compared to women who do not use a birth control method.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is There a Seasonal Difference in the Detection of Trichomonas vaginalis by Cervical Cytology?

Shrader

Hernández

Gaughan

2003

The Scientific World JOURNAL

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This objective of our study was to determine the prevalence of a Trichomonas vaginalis diagnosis in routine Papanicolaou smears and whether it is seasonal. We reviewed the diagnosis rendered for 93,681 Papanicolaou smears evaluated at a medical school hospital laboratory between 1992 and 1997. The occurrence of a diagnosis of T. vaginalis was analyzed by year, by quarter, and by month using a generalized linear regression model. The prevalence of a T. vaginalis diagnosis during the 6-year study period was 3.1%. The between-month and between-quarter comparisons of prevalence were not statistically different. In the population reported here, the prevalence of a Papanicolaou smear diagnosis of T. vaginalis was low and no seasonal difference in making this diagnosis was identified.

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Epidemiology of Urogenital Trichomoniasis

Cited by 31 publications

References 38 publications

Impact of Trichomonas vaginalis Transcription-Mediated Amplification-Based Analyte-Specific-Reagent Testing in a Metropolitan Setting of High Sexually Transmitted Disease Prevalence

Impact of Trichomonas vaginalis Transcription-Mediated Amplification-Based Analyte-Specific-Reagent Testing in a Metropolitan Setting of High Sexually Transmitted Disease Prevalence

Trichomoniasis

Is There a Seasonal Difference in the Detection of Trichomonas vaginalis by Cervical Cytology?

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