Epidemiology of urinary tract infection in south India

Vr, Christy; Athinarayanan, G; Mariselvam, R; Dhasarathan, Pradeep; Raja, Singh

doi:10.15761/brcp.1000190

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…It was slightly lower rate compared to study by Christy et al (2019) and Sahay which showed 37.6% and 34.9%, respectively [5,9]. Females were more commonly infected than males which has been established by many studies [5,9]. E. coli was the commonest organism causing UTI which accounted for 74.5% which was comparable with study by vasuki Balasubramanyam et al and higher than study by Sahay [1,9].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 50%

“…The prevalence rate of UTI was 28.6% (358 isolates) in our study. It was slightly lower rate compared to study by Christy et al (2019) and Sahay which showed 37.6% and 34.9%, respectively [5,9]. Females were more commonly infected than males which has been established by many studies [5,9].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

“…The prevalence of UTIs in India is around 37% [5]. If we take prevalence as 37% on an average, according to sample size formula n=z 2 P (1-P)/d 2 where Z is confidence level of interval (95%=1.96), P as prevalence and d=0.05 precision.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Study of Bacterial Pathogens Causing Urinary Tract Infection and Antibiogram Pattern in Symptomatic Adults

SHRUTHI

2023

Asian J Pharm Clin Res

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Objectives: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are most common infection seen in community and hospital. It is important to know the causative agent and antibiotic susceptibility pattern to administer specific treatment and prevent drug resistance. Hence, the present study was conducted to know the most common etiological agent and antibiogram of symptomatic UTIs. Methods: The study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital. All the adult patients presented with symptoms of UTI were involved. As per the standard guidelines, clean catch mid-stream urine sample was collected and inoculated on MacConkey’s agar and blood agar by standard loop technique. The isolates with significant bacteriuria were subjected for Kirby-Bauers’ disk diffusion antibiotic susceptibility testing. Results: One thousand two hundred and fifty symptomatic patients were screened for UTI. A total of 358 organisms were isolated in culture with significant bacteriuria. Among 358, Escherichia coli was commonest organism with 267 (74.5%), followed by Klebsiella species accounting for 52 isolates (14.5%) and Citrobacter species 25 (7.0%), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa 14 (4%). Higher degree of sensitivity was seen with imipenem (90%), amikacin (80%), and gentamycin (78%) followed by nitrofurantoin (75%) for E. coli. Lower degree of sensitivity was noted for norfloxacin (50%), ceftriaxone (62%), cotrimoxazole (56%), and pipericillin-tazobactum (60%). Klebsiella was sensitive to amikacin (74%) and imipenem (80%). Conclusion: In the present study, E. coli was the most common organism causing UTI. Nitrofurantoin can be started as empirical treatment for lower UTI. Gentamycin was found to be equally effective as amikacin so that it can be used instead of amikacin to decrease the selective pressure on amikacin.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 50%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

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Study of Bacterial Pathogens Causing Urinary Tract Infection and Antibiogram Pattern in Symptomatic Adults

SHRUTHI

2023

Asian J Pharm Clin Res

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“…UTI is a significant medical complication during pregnancy, affecting 3% -24% of women in India. Half of the UTI cases during pregnancy occur in the second trimester [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Urinary Tract Infection among Women in Virudhunagar, Tamil Nadu: Treatment Approach and Perspectives

Venkateshan,

et al. 2024

UPJOZ

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Introduction: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) represent a significant health burden, particularly among women worldwide. Understanding the prevalence and associated risk factors of UTIs is crucial for effective management and treatment. This research focuses on exploring the prevalence of UTIs in women in Virudhunagar, Tamil Nadu, and identifying the microbial agents responsible for these infections. Aim: The primary objective of this study is to determine the prevalence of urinary tract infections among women in Virudhunagar, Tamil Nadu, and to investigate associated risk factors. Additionally, the research aims to evaluate the microbial agents causing UTIs in the region to inform the development of tailored and effective treatment strategies. Study Design: A Prospective Observational Study was conducted over a period of 6 months at the Outpatient and Obstetric and Gynaecological department of a Tertiary Healthcare Teaching hospital. Female patients presenting with symptoms suggestive of UTIs were recruited for participation in the study after providing informed consent. Methodology/Methods: Data collection encompassed various parameters including patient demographics, symptoms, urine culture results, prescribed antibiotics, and concurrent medications. A sample size of 480 participants was determined through an extensive review of literature. Statistical analysis was performed to analyze the collected data. Results: Out of the 480 participants, 117 individuals tested positive for UTIs, indicating a prevalence rate of [24.4%]. The age group 15-24 exhibited the highest incidence of UTIs, with a mean age of 30. Educational and marital status was found to influence infection rates. Common symptoms included increased frequency of urination and painful urination. E.coli was identified as the primary pathogen responsible for UTIs. Cephalosporin antibiotics were the most frequently prescribed treatment modality. Conclusion: Urinary tract infections are prevalent among women in Virudhunagar, Tamil Nadu, as evidenced by the findings of this study. The identification of associated risk factors and microbial agents provides valuable insights for clinical decision-making and the development of tailored treatment approaches. These findings underscore the importance of continued research in UTI management to address the global health burden posed by this infection.

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“…About 65%-90% of the most frequently isolated uropathogens remain Escherichia coli (E. coli). 4,5 The most common uropathogens in the community and healthcare facilities belong to the Enterobacteriaceae family. Many of these bacteria are significant human pathogens that cause various infections.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenotypic Detection of Virulence Factors of Uropathogenic Enterobacteriaceae

Soujanya¹,

Banashankari²

2023

J. Pure Appl. Microbiol.

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Members of the family Enterobacteriaceae are the major cause of nosocomial infections, including approximately 70% of gastrointestinal infections, 60% to 70% of urinary tract infections (UTIs), and septicemias. Since 1990, members of Enterobacteriaceae have emerged as predominant pathogens causing UTIs. In this study, we performed phenotypic testing of the virulence factors in uropathogens. A total of 118 uropathogens belonging to the family Enterobacteriaceae were isolated from suspected UTI cases in patients aged > 18 years. Uropathogens were tested for virulence factors, such as hemolysin, phospholipase, gelatinase, and lipase production, as well as for mannose resistance, mannose-sensitive hemagglutination (MRHA, MSHA), serum resistance, and cell surface hydrophobicity. Among 118 uropathogenic Enterobacteriaceae isolates, E. coli was the most prevalent (62,52.5%), followed by Klebsiella (28,23.7%), Citrobacter (23,19.5%), and, Proteus species (5, 4.2%). Serum resistance was the most common virulence factor and was seen in 54(87%) of E. coli, 24 (85.7%) of Klebsiella species, 22 (95.7%) of Citrobacter species, and 5(100%) of Proteus species isolates. Furthermore, 10 (16.1%) isolates of E. coli showed mannose resistance hemagglutination and 7(11.3%) showed mannose-sensitive hemagglutination. Two (8.7%) isolates of Citrobacter species showed mannose resistance and mannose-sensitive hemagglutination. Hemolysis was observed in 33(53.2%) isolates of E. coli, 11(39.3%) of Klebsiella species, 15(65.2%) Citrobacter species, and 1(20%) Proteus isolate. Gelatinase production was observed in 14(22.6%) of E. coli, 6(21.4%) of Klebsiella species, 7(30.4%) of Citrobacter species, and 5(100%) of Proteus isolates. All E. coli, Klebsiella species, and Citrobacter species isolates tested negative for phospholipase. This study showed that the Enterobacteriaceae family plays a role in UTIs by evading the host immune response through the production of various virulence factors.

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Epidemiology of urinary tract infection in south India

Cited by 7 publications

References 13 publications

Study of Bacterial Pathogens Causing Urinary Tract Infection and Antibiogram Pattern in Symptomatic Adults

Study of Bacterial Pathogens Causing Urinary Tract Infection and Antibiogram Pattern in Symptomatic Adults

Prevalence of Urinary Tract Infection among Women in Virudhunagar, Tamil Nadu: Treatment Approach and Perspectives

Phenotypic Detection of Virulence Factors of Uropathogenic Enterobacteriaceae

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