Epidemiology of unintentional drowning and near-drowning in Denmark in 1995: Table 1

Lindholm, Peter; Steensberg, J

doi:10.1136/ip.6.1.29

Cited by 27 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…On the other hand, because SF does not tabulate or publish deaths of non-residents (Statistics Finland 2000), the SUH is currently in Finland the only means for identification of drowning cases involving foreigners (four during the study period). Similar issues have been noted in other countries, as has the need to specifically target these cases for preventive countermeasures (Mackie 1999, Lindholm andSteensberg 2000).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

“…In Finland, SF tabulation of drowning through the N and E codes allows prompt identification of land traffic-related-drowning. Such drownings represented 3.2% of unintentional drownings in Finland and up to 10 to 11% of unintentional drownings in other countries with reliable data (Smith and Langley 1998, Lindholm and Steensberg 2000, Langley et al 2001, Lunetta et al 2004. Conversely, SUH specifically excludes land-traffic-related drowning, with the exception of those resulting from driving a vehicle on ice.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

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How well does a national newspaper reporting system profile drowning?

Lunetta

Tiirikainen²,

Smith

et al. 2006

International Journal of Injury Control and Safety Promotion

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In Finland, the Finnish Association for Swimming Instruction and Life Saving (SUH) and Statistics Finland (SF) both provide nationwide data on unintentional drowning. The SUH database relies on rapid reporting from a newspaper clipping service and additional local police information, whereas the SF database relies on the later release of the death certificate information, which is based on extensive medico-legal investigation. The aim of the study was to explore the main differences between the SUH and SF databases for drowning and to evaluate the capacity of the former to characterize drowning events in Finland from 1998 to 2000. Computerized files of death certificates tabulated by SF were linked with the SUH database by deterministic methods. SF and SUH databases allowed the identification of 704 and 567 unintentional drownings, respectively, giving an unintentional drowning rate of 4.5 and 3.6/100?000 per year. Of the 704 drownings described by SF, 418 (59.4%) were also found in the SUH database. The SUH database markedly underreported drowning fatalities in certain settings, such as bath, ditch and swimming pool drownings; fall- and land-traffic-related drownings; and drownings occurring in South Finland. The narrative text of SUH drownings contributed limited information to characterize the drowning events. It was concluded that the newspaper-based SUH data provide more timely data on individual drownings but are not representative of all drownings. Conversely, the SF vital statistics data are more accurate but may take up to 2 years to become available. Both SUH and SF data provide little detailed information on drowning events. A multidisciplinary national surveillance system for drowning is necessary to provide more accurate and timely drowning data, analyse risk factors and design follow-up studies for developing and monitoring prevention strategies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

How well does a national newspaper reporting system profile drowning?

Lunetta

Tiirikainen²,

Smith

et al. 2006

International Journal of Injury Control and Safety Promotion

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“…A previous study found that three-quarters of children who drowned were boys25 but another, including near-drowning, showed that boys were only slightly more at risk 26. Male drowning rates have been shown to peak at age 1–2 years then decline to age 10 years before increasing during the late teens; female rates peak by 1 year and then decline to a steady low rate 3.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Varying gender pattern of childhood injury mortality over time in Scotland

Pearson

Jeffrey

Stone

2008

Archives of Disease in Childhood

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“…[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9] Variation in the bodies of water in which children of different ages drown has been described in several regional and national studies. 6 10 11 Variation in the bodies of water in which children of different ages drown has been described using a US national dataset of death certificates.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of drowning by different age groups

2003

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Context: While it is known that the risk of unintentional drowning varies with age, the manner in which drowning episode characteristics vary by age has not been well described. Such information might be useful for prevention. Objective: To describe characteristics of drowning by age group. Design: Retrospective review of the characteristics of drowning victims and their drowning incidents obtained from death certificates, medical examiner, pre-hospital, emergency department, and hospital records. Setting: Three counties in Western Washington state. Subjects: Residents who died (n=709) of unintentional drowning within the study region during 1980 through 1995. Outcomes: Age specific counts, proportions, and rates per million person years were estimated for and compared among six age groups. Results: Rates varied by age group: 0-4 (30.5), 5-14 (11.6), 15-19 (29.9), 20-34 (21.5), 35-64 (12.5), and 65 years or older (21.2). Among those 0-4 years, the proportions that drowned in pools, bathtubs, and open water were nearly equal. But from age 5-64 years, over 69% of deaths were in open water. Among those 65 years and older, the deaths were almost evenly divided between bathtub and open water; bathtub drowning rates were highest in this age group, 10.9. Pre-drowning activities were divided into boating, swimming, car passenger, bathing, and fell in while doing something else. Most (64/89, 76%) victims aged 0-4 years drowned while bathing or after falling in. Among those 15-19 years, most occurred while swimming (24/79, 34%) or boating (22/79, 31%). The drowning event was least often witnessed among those 0-4 years (10/36, 28%), and most often witnessed (44/58, 76%) among those 15-19 years. Medical care (pre-hospital, emergency department, or hospital) was most often involved in drownings of those 0-4 years (70/89, 79%) and least among those over 65 years (11/86, 13%). Conclusion: The characteristics of drowning episodes vary greatly by age. Different prevention strategies may be needed for different age groups. D rowning rates are known to vary greatly with age.

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Epidemiology of unintentional drowning and near-drowning in Denmark in 1995: Table 1

Abstract: More attention should be paid to the risk of drowning in children, adult males, and foreigners.

Cited by 27 publications

References 8 publications

How well does a national newspaper reporting system profile drowning?

How well does a national newspaper reporting system profile drowning?

Varying gender pattern of childhood injury mortality over time in Scotland

Characteristics of drowning by different age groups

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