Epidemiology of the Microsporidium Nosema ceranae in Four Mediterranean Countries

Jabal-Uriel, Clara; Barrios, Laura; Dalmon, Anne; Caspi-Yona, Shiran; Chejanovsky, Nor; Erez, Tal; Henriques, Dora; Higes, Mariano; Conte, Yves Le; Lopes, Ana Rita; Meana, Aránzazu; Pinto, M. Alice; Reyes-Carreño, Maritza; Soroker, Victoria; Martín-Hernández, Raquel

doi:10.3390/insects13090844

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 89 publications

(118 reference statements)

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“…The ten IPAs infectious to honey bees (excluding the bumble bee parasite N. bombi ) were all detected in A. mellifera . Except for the Irish sites exhibiting the lowest IPA richness, the IPA profile of A. mellifera consisted mainly on the six RNA viruses and the two honey bee microsporidia screened, consistently with the high incidences of most of these viruses and N. ceranae in spring and summer 34 , 77 – 79 , with variability among countries for N. cereanae 80 . The brood viruses BQCV and SBV, and the genotype B of DWV were present at the highest detection frequencies and loads among the six screened viruses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

Distribution of infectious and parasitic agents among three sentinel bee species across European agricultural landscapes

Babin,

Schurr,

Delannoy

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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Infectious and parasitic agents (IPAs) and their associated diseases are major environmental stressors that jeopardize bee health, both alone and in interaction with other stressors. Their impact on pollinator communities can be assessed by studying multiple sentinel bee species. Here, we analysed the field exposure of three sentinel managed bee species (Apis mellifera, Bombus terrestris and Osmia bicornis) to 11 IPAs (six RNA viruses, two bacteria, three microsporidia). The sentinel bees were deployed at 128 sites in eight European countries adjacent to either oilseed rape fields or apple orchards during crop bloom. Adult bees of each species were sampled before their placement and after crop bloom. The IPAs were detected and quantified using a harmonised, high-throughput and semi-automatized qPCR workflow. We describe differences among bee species in IPA profiles (richness, diversity, detection frequencies, loads and their change upon field exposure, and exposure risk), with no clear patterns related to the country or focal crop. Our results suggest that the most frequent IPAs in adult bees are more appropriate for assessing the bees’ IPA exposure risk. We also report positive correlations of IPA loads supporting the potential IPA transmission among sentinels, suggesting careful consideration should be taken when introducing managed pollinators in ecologically sensitive environments.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

Distribution of infectious and parasitic agents among three sentinel bee species across European agricultural landscapes

Babin,

Schurr,

Delannoy

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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Contrasting effects of beekeeping and land use on plant–pollinator networks and pathogen prevalence in Mediterranean semiarid ecosystems

Martínez‐López,

Ruiz,

Pires

et al. 2023

Ecography

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Pollinators are fundamental for plant reproduction in natural and agricultural ecosystems. However, their populations are declining worldwide, threatening the functioning of the ecosystem service they provide. The factors driving this change are manifold, but land use changes and interspecific transmission of pathogens between managed and wild bees are prominent. In this context, most research efforts have focused on specific taxa and rarely at the community level, limiting our ability to fully understand the effects of global change on the functioning of plant–pollinator interactions in ecosystems.Here, we investigate the impact of human activities (beekeeping and land use intensity) on the spread of an emergent pathogen Vairimorpha ceranae in Mediterranean wild bee communities inhabiting landscapes with varying levels of anthropogenic disturbance. Plant–pollinator interactions were sampled in nine one‐hectare plots along a gradient of land use (urban structures, croplands and natural vegetation) and beekeeping intensity. We analysed the impact of human disturbances on pollination networks and pathogen prevalence, and applied a network approach to examine whether total effects of species in networks (i.e. direct plus indirect interactions) explain pathogen spread through bee communities.We found that V. ceranae prevalence in honey bees is not a good predictor of the pathogen spread through bee communities. There seems to be a temporal mismatch between pathogen dynamics in managed and wild bees. Networks with more diversity of interactions and more plants showed less pathogen prevalence, but total effect analyses (i.e. combining direct and indirect interactions) failed to explain pathogen transmission across pollination networks. Croplands increased wild bee density, and interactions and species diversity in networks, while shrublands had the opposite effect. Our results highlight the importance of studying pathogen dynamics at the community level and analysing species interaction patterns to improve our understanding of pathogen spread through communities.

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Interactions between microsporidia and other members of the microbiome

Tersigni,

Tamim El Jarkass,

James

et al. 2024

J Eukaryotic Microbiology

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The microbiome is the collection of microbes that are associated with a host. Microsporidia are intracellular eukaryotic parasites that can infect most types of animals. In the last decade, there has been much progress to define the relationship between microsporidia and the microbiome. In this review, we cover an increasing number of reports suggesting that microsporidia are common components of the microbiome in both invertebrates and vertebrates. These microsporidia infections can range from mutualistic to pathogenic, causing several physiological phenotypes, including death. Infection with microsporidia often causes a disruption in the normal microbiome, with both increases and decreases of bacterial, fungal, viral, and protozoan species being observed. This impact on the microbiome can occur through upregulation and downregulation of innate immunity as well as morphological changes to tissues that impact interactions with these microbes. Other microbes, particularly bacteria, can inhibit microsporidia and have been exploited to control microsporidia infections. These bacteria can function through regulating immunity, secreting anti‐microsporidia compounds, and, in engineered versions, expressing double‐stranded RNA targeting microsporidia genes. We end this review by discussing potential future directions to further understand the complex interactions between microsporidia and the other members of the microbiome.

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Epidemiology of the Microsporidium Nosema ceranae in Four Mediterranean Countries

Cited by 4 publications

References 89 publications

Distribution of infectious and parasitic agents among three sentinel bee species across European agricultural landscapes

Distribution of infectious and parasitic agents among three sentinel bee species across European agricultural landscapes

Contrasting effects of beekeeping and land use on plant–pollinator networks and pathogen prevalence in Mediterranean semiarid ecosystems

Interactions between microsporidia and other members of the microbiome

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