Epidemiology of swine dysentery: development and evaluation of cultural and serological methods for the detection of Treponema hyodysenteriae infection

Abstract

INFORMATION TO USERSThis material was produced from a microfilm copy of the original document. While the most advanced technological means to photograph and reproduce this document have been used, the quality is heavily dependent upon the quality of the original submitted.The following explanation of techniques is provided to help you understand markings or patterns which may appear on this reproduction. 1. The sign or "target" for pages apparently lacking from the document photographed is "Missing Page(s)". If it was possible to obtain the missing page(s) or section, they are spliced into the film along with adjacent pages. This may have necessitated cutting thru an image and duplicating adjacent pages to insure you complete continuity. When an image on the film is obliterated with a large round black mark, itis an indication that the photographer suqiected that the copy may have moved during exposure and thus cause a blurred image. You will find a good image of the page in the adjacent frame.3. When a map, drawing or chart, etc., was part of the material being photographed ths photographer followed a definite method in "sectioning" the material. It is customary to begin photoing at the upper left hand comer of a large sheet and to continue photoing from left to right in equal sections with a small overlap. If necessary, sectioning is continued again -beginning below the first row and continuing on until complete.4. The majority of users indicate that the textual content is of greatest value, however, a somewhat higher quality reproduction couid be made from "photographs" if essential to the understanding of the dissertation. Silver prints of "photographs" may be ordered at additional charge by writing the Order Department, giving the catalog number, title, author and specific pages you wish reproduced. The earliest report in the literature of swine dysentery was in 1921 PLEASE NOTE: Some pages may have indistinct print. Filmed as received. University Microfilms Internationalby Whiting et al. Other workers (Whiting, 1924;Murray et al., 1927;Whiting, 1928; Biester et al. 1935; Hofferd, 1935;Gray, 1939;Koen, 1939;Doyle, 1939;Bryant, 1939;Wilson, 1940;Truax, 1941;Murphy, 1941;Wilson, 1943) concurred with the findings reported in this first publica tion. Swine dysentery was described as a severe, mucohemorrhagic enter itis, occurring in all ages of weaned pigs, reproducible by feeding in fected whole colon from natural cases, and to which no specific etiologic agent could be assigned. Various etiologic agents and contributing factors were suggested: Balantidium coli (Gray, 1939;Mencheva and Sherkov, 1962), a viral agent (Agapov, 1940;Androw, 1940;Manninger et al., 1960), Clostridium perfringens toxin (Matthias, 1968), a leptospire (Bertrand, 1952) and other spirochetes (Whiting et al., 1921;Murray et al., 1927; Biester et al., 1935), and other agents (Sofrenovic et al., 1973b), but most commonly a vibrio (Whiting et al., 1921;Whiting, 1924;Whiting, 1928;Doyle» 1935;Hofferd, 1936;Bryant, 1939;Doyle, 1939;Koen, 1939;...