Epidemiology of sudden infant death syndrome in Japan

Watanabe, Noboru; Yotsukura, Masahiro; Kadoi, Nobuaki; Yashiro, Kimio; Sakanoue, Masamichi; Nishida, Hiroshi

doi:10.1111/j.1442-200x.1994.tb03194.x

Cited by 13 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Furthermore, this protective effect did not generalize to room sharing with siblings (Scragg et al, 1996). The recent increase in SIDS rates in Japan, which has been paralleled by a shift from a tradition of social sleeping to solitary infant sleeping (Watanabe et al, 1994), also supports a protective role of parental proximity during sleep. Yet, almost nothing is known about the cosleeping environment and its impact on infants.…”

mentioning

confidence: 87%

Maternal proximity and infant CO2 environment during bedsharing and possible implications for SIDS research

Mosko

Richard

McKenna

et al. 1997

Am. J. Phys. Anthropol.

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Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is the leading cause of human infant mortality after the neonatal period in Western countries. Recently, child care practices have been shown to be important in determining infant vulnerability to SIDS. However, very little is known about the impact of parent-infant cosleeping on infant sleep physiology and behavior and SIDS risk. This reflects the failure of Western societal research paradigms to appreciate the human infant's evolutionary history of cosleeping, the recency of the emergence of solitary infant sleeping as a practice and the fact that parent-infant cosleeping is still the preferred sleeping arrangement for the majority of contemporary societies. Incorporating current hypotheses on the mechanisms of SIDS, we have hypothesized that the comparatively sensory-rich cosleeping environment might be protective against SIDS in some contexts. As a first step to characterize cosleeping environments, this investigation is aimed at assessing, in routinely bedsharing mothers and infants, their relative sleeping positions and the potential for sleeping in close face-to face proximity and for infant exposure to increased environmental CO2 produced by maternal respiration. The latter is important in that breathing elevated levels of CO2 can have diverse effects, ranging from respiratory stimulation at low levels to suffocation at very high levels. Two related laboratory studies were performed. In the first, all-night videotapes of 12 healthy, routinely bedsharing mother-infant pairs were analyzed for sleeping positions and time spent in face-to-face orientation and distances separating their faces. Infants were 11-15 wk old. Mothers predominantly positioned themselves on their sides facing their infants, with the infants placed either supine or on their sides. Mothers and infants slept oriented face-to-face for 64 +/- 27% (S.D.) of non-movement time, with distance less than 20 cm commonly separating their faces. In the second study, concentrations of CO2 in air were measured in six young women at distances of up to 21 cm from their nares. Peak expiratory CO2 concentrations remained above 1.0% at distances up to 9 cm and above 0.5% at 18 cm. Both baseline and peak CO2 levels were further increased at all distances when measured within a partial air pocket created to simulate a bedding environment sometimes seen during bedsharing. We conclude that during bedsharing there is potential for 1) a high degree of face-to-face orientation and close proximity and consequently 2) increased environmental CO2, as a result of maternal respiration, to non-lethal levels that might stimulate infant respiration. The close proximity would also maximize the sensory impact of the mother on the infant through other modalities. We also suggest that bedsharing may minimize prone infant positioning, a known risk factor for SIDS.

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confidence: 87%

Maternal proximity and infant CO2 environment during bedsharing and possible implications for SIDS research

Mosko

Richard

McKenna

et al. 1997

Am. J. Phys. Anthropol.

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“…Various hypotheses to explain SIDS have been postulated. Negative ¢ndings at necropsy in infants who died of SIDS suggest a serious physiological derangement: hypoxia and apnoea; extreme alterations in body temperature; hypoglycaemia; hypoten- [13] a No association was found. [35,40] sion; cardiac arrhythmia; or combinations of these factors.…”

Section: Cytokine Levels In Virus Infections and Sidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sudden infant death syndrome, virus infections and cytokines

Raza¹,

Blackwell²

1999

FEMS Immunology &Amp; Medical Microbiology

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Many epidemiological risk factors identified for sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) suggest a viral aetiology, e.g. exposure to cigarette smoke and winter peak, mild respiratory symptoms. Virus infections and bacterial toxins induce cytokine activity and it has been suggested that uncontrolled inflammatory mediators could be involved in some cases of SIDS. The aim of this review was to assess the evidence for virus infection in SIDS and to examine those findings in relation to individual variations in cytokine responses and various pathophysiological mechanisms proposed for SIDS such as sleep derangement, hypoxia, cardiac arrhythmia, vascular hypotonicity and hypoglycaemia.

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“…10 Furthermore in populations where bed-sharing is normative practice, but other risk factors are absent, cot death rates are unusually low. [11][12][13] As very little data exist on bed-sharing prevalence in Western industrial societies, this paper reports such data from England. Using a precise definition of bed-sharing we compare two data sets to examine characteristics of this practice over time; a local two year longitudinal study of night-time infant care practices in northeast England and, as part of the Confidential Enquiry into Stillbirths & Deaths in Infancy (CESDI), a national cross-sectional case-control study into the causes of SIDS which included control data on bed-sharing on a particular night.…”

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confidence: 99%

The prevalence and characteristics associated with parent-infant bed-sharing in England

Blair

Ball²

2004

Archives of Disease in Childhood

120

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Aims: To investigate the characteristics of parent-infant bed-sharing prevalence in England. Methods: Data on night-time sleeping practices from a two year, local, longitudinal study and a threeyear, national, cross-sectional study were obtained. A total of 261 infants in North Tees were followed up at 1 and 3 months of age, as were 1095 infants aged 1 week to 1 year from five English health regions. Results: Data from both studies found that almost half of all neonates bed-shared at some time with their parents (local = 47%, 95% CI 41 to 54; national = 46%, 95% CI 34 to 58), and on any one night in the first month over a quarter of parents slept with their baby (local = 27%, 95% CI 22 to 33; national = 30%, 95% CI 20 to 42). Bed-sharing was not related to younger mothers, single mothers, or larger families, and was not more common in the colder months, at weekends, or among the more socially deprived families; in fact bed-sharing was more common among the least deprived in the first months of life. Breast feeding was strongly associated with bed-sharing, both at birth and at 3 months. Bed-sharing prevalence was uniform with infant age from 3 to 12 months; on any one night over a fifth of parents (national = 21%, 95% CI 18 to 24) slept with their infants. Conclusion: Bed-sharing is a relatively common practice in England, not specific to class, but strongly related to breast feeding.

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Epidemiology of sudden infant death syndrome in Japan

Cited by 13 publications

References 3 publications

Maternal proximity and infant CO2 environment during bedsharing and possible implications for SIDS research

Maternal proximity and infant CO2 environment during bedsharing and possible implications for SIDS research

Sudden infant death syndrome, virus infections and cytokines

The prevalence and characteristics associated with parent-infant bed-sharing in England

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