Epidemiology of Sudden Cardiac Death: Global and Regional Perspectives

Wong, Christopher X.; Brown, Alex; Lau, Dennis H.; Chugh, Sumeet S.; Albert, Christine M.; Kalman, Jonathan M.; Sanders, Prashanthan

doi:10.1016/j.hlc.2018.08.026

Cited by 341 publications

(265 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…observed a 49% reduction in SCD due to IHD between 1950 and 1999 in the Framingham Heart Study cohort; 48% of those who died suddenly had no known CAD. Nevertheless, the leading cause of SCD in the western world remains CAD, which accounts for 70–80% of SCD cases …”

Section: Causes Of Scdmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cause of sudden cardiac death (SCD): causes of SCD across all ages in panel A (Modified from Wong et al .,) and causes of SCD in the young aged ≤35 years in panel B (Modified from Bagnall et al .,).…”

Section: Causes Of Scdmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although difficult to quantify given the spectrum of athletic pursuits, endurance athletes are thought to have a lower lifetime risk of sudden death due to lower rates of clinically relevant CAD . Cardiomyopathies are over represented in this cohort accounting for over 30% of SCD (or resuscitated cardiac arrest) compared with 15% in the general population . Coronary artery anomalies and the inherited arrhythmia syndromes also account for a greater proportion of SCD in competitive athletes than the older, general population .…”

Section: Causes Of Scdmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Due to the unpredictable nature of SCD and associated difficulties in identification and retrospective determination of aetiology, accurate quantification of disease burden has been difficult. It is estimated that there are up to 5 million cases of SCD per year globally with an annual incidence of 50–100 per 100 000 in western countries and lower rates in Asian countries . SCD is a major public health issue accounting for 40–50% of years of potential life lost from heart disease and with a premature death burden exceeding that of other causes of death except all cancers combined in women and all cancers and accidents in men …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is estimated that there are up to 5 million cases of SCD per year globally 3 with an annual incidence of 50-100 per 100 000 in western countries and lower rates in Asian countries. 4 SCD is a major public health issue accounting for 40-50% of years of potential life lost from heart disease and with a premature death burden exceeding that of other causes of death except all cancers combined in women and all cancers and accidents in men. 5 Although the majority of SCD occurs in adults and incidence increases with age, there is a bimodal distribution with an initial peak between 0 and 5 years of age before a much larger second peak between 75 and 85 years of age.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sudden cardiac death: an update

Isbister

Semsarian

2019

Internal Medicine Journal

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Sudden cardiac death (SCD) is a devastating and all too common result of both acquired and genetic heart diseases. The profound sadness endured by families is compounded by the risk many of these deaths confer upon surviving relatives. For those with known cardiac disease, disease‐specific therapy and risk stratification are key to reducing sudden death. For families of a SCD victim, uncovering a definitive cause of death can help relieve the agonising uncertainty and is a vital first step in screening surviving relatives and instituting therapy to reduce SCD risk. Increasing knowledge about the molecular mechanisms and genetic drivers of malignant arrhythmias in the diverse clinical entities that can cause SCD is vital if we are to optimise risk stratification and personalise patient care. Advances in diagnostic tools, disease‐specific therapy and defibrillator technology are improving outcomes for patients and their families but there is still much progress to be made.

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Section: Causes Of Scdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Causes Of Scdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Causes Of Scdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sudden cardiac death: an update

Isbister

Semsarian

2019

Internal Medicine Journal

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Plasma Ceramides and Sphingomyelins and Sudden Cardiac Death in the Cardiovascular Health Study

Bockus,

Jensen,

Fretts

et al. 2023

JAMA Netw Open

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ImportanceSphingolipids, including ceramides and sphingomyelins, may influence the pathophysiology and risk of sudden cardiac death (SCD) through multiple biological activities. Whether the length of the fatty acid acylated to plasma sphingolipid species is associated with SCD risk is not known.ObjectiveTo determine whether the saturated fatty acid length of plasma ceramides and sphingomyelins influences the association with SCD risk.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsIn this cohort study, multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to examine the association of sphingolipid species with SCD risk. The study population included 4612 participants in the Cardiovascular Health Study followed up prospectively for a median of 10.2 (IQR, 5.5-11.6) years. Baseline data were collected from January 1992 to December 1995 during annual examinations. Data were analyzed from February 11, 2020, to September 9, 2023.ExposuresEight plasma sphingolipid species (4 ceramides and 4 sphingomyelins) with saturated fatty acids of 16, 20, 22, and 24 carbons.Main Outcome and MeasureAssociation of plasma ceramides and sphingomyelins with saturated fatty acids of different lengths with SCD risk.ResultsAmong the 4612 CHS participants included in the analysis (mean [SD] age, 77 [5] years; 2724 [59.1%] women; 6 [0.1%] American Indian; 4 [0.1%] Asian; 718 [15.6%] Black; 3869 [83.9%] White, and 15 [0.3%] Other), 215 SCD cases were identified. In adjusted Cox proportional hazards regression analyses, plasma ceramides and sphingomyelins with palmitic acid (Cer-16 and SM-16) were associated with higher SCD risk per higher SD of log sphingolipid levels (hazard ratio [HR] for Cer-16, 1.34 [95% CI, 1.12-1.59]; HR for SM-16, 1.37 [95% CI, 1.12-1.67]). Associations did not differ by baseline age, sex, race, or body mass index. No significant association of SCD with sphingolipids with very-long-chain saturated fatty acids was observed after correction for multiple testing (HR for ceramide with arachidic acid, 1.06 [95% CI, 0.90-1.24]; HR for ceramide with behenic acid, 0.92 [95% CI, 0.77-1.10]; HR for ceramide with lignoceric acid, 0.92 [95% CI, 0.77-1.09]; HR for sphingomyelin with arachidic acid, 0.83 [95% CI, 0.71-0.98]; HR for sphingomyelin with behenic acid, 0.84 [95% CI, 0.70-1.00]; HR for sphingomyelin with lignoceric acid, 0.86 [95% CI, 0.72-1.03]).Conclusions and RelevanceThe findings of this large, population-based cohort study of SCD identified that higher plasma levels of Cer-16 and SM-16 were associated with higher risk of SCD. Future studies are needed to examine the underlying mechanism of these associations.

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Sudden Cardiac Death

Gregory¹,

Kucia²

2022

Cardiac Care

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Epidemiology of Sudden Cardiac Death: Global and Regional Perspectives

Cited by 341 publications

References 72 publications

Sudden cardiac death: an update

Sudden cardiac death: an update

Plasma Ceramides and Sphingomyelins and Sudden Cardiac Death in the Cardiovascular Health Study

Sudden Cardiac Death

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