Epidemiology of Stripe Rust of Wheat: A Review

Abstract

Stripe rust of wheat is supposed to be prevalent even before human beings started cultivation of wheat as a staple food. However, the first report of the disease is attributed to Gadd, who observed it from Europe in the year 1777. Soon after in 1794, stripe rust appeared in epiphytotic proportions on rye in Sweden (Singh et al., 2002). Severe epidemics of stripe rust all around the world with immense limiting potential of wheat yield, marked with profound economic importance makes it a global disease (Roelfs et al.

The Impact of Wheat Yellow Rust on Quantitative and Qualitative Grain Yield Losses under Egyptian Field Conditions.

“…Because the yield loss may be caused by other factors, in addition to the effect of the disease, therefore, it was necessary to calculate the coefficient of determination (R 2 ) to help in calculating the actual loss (%). Therefore, actual loss (%) was estimated according to coefficient of determination (R 2 ) values to obtain the loss due to yellow rust infection only with eliminating the other effective factors (Soliman et.al., 2016;Omara et al, 2018;Al-Maaroof andNori, 2019 andKhushboo et al, 2021). Accordingly, Gemmeiza-11 and Sids-12 varieties recorded the highest reduction in 1000 kernel weight and yield/plot of the total loss (%) and the actual loss (%) that ranged from 11.40 to 41.96%, respectively, compared to the highly susceptible check variety, Morocco.…”

“…As a result of the yield loss, it was necessary to study the effect of the disease on the grain quality and it was necessary to know whether there was an effect or not. Some scientists, such as Johnston 1931;Buchenau 1975;Seck et al, 1988;Subba-Rao et al, 1989;Marsalis &Goldberg 2006 andKhushboo et al, 2021 explained that the yield loss is usually caused by the reduction in the number and size of grains, reduced dry matter, poor root growth and reduced grain quality, environmental conditions and infection stage, because rust fungi affect yield by reducing the area of green leaves, thereby affecting the sugar supply of developing seeds. The flag leaf and the second leaf contribute significantly to sugar production for developing grains.…”

High-throughput and point-of-care detection of wheat fungal diseases: Potentialities of molecular and phenomics techniques toward in-field applicability

“…tritici, causing stripe or yellow rust; and Puccinia triticina, causing leaf or brown rust. Typical symptoms appear as masses of spores on leaves, stems, and glumes, causing yield losses associated with a reduction in grain size (Kolmer, 2005;Leonard and Szabo, 2005;Huerta-Espino et al, 2011;Sabrol and Kumar, 2013;Khushboo et al, 2021).…”

Mapping of Aegilops speltoides derived leaf rust and stripe rust resistance genes using 35K SNP array

“…The LR outbreaks have been reported to result in yield losses up to 50%, while YR has been documented to incur higher yield losses reaching up to 70%, due to their detrimental effects on the photosynthetic and grain-filling capacity of the crop [ 2 , 3 ]. The degree of damage, however, is also influenced by the time of infection, environmental conditions, cultivar susceptibility and aggressiveness of the pathogen [ 1 , 4 , 5 ]. India, being one of the leading wheat-producing countries, faces a high incidence of these rusts, particularly in the Northern parts known as the breadbasket of India, due to suitable environmental conditions for pathogens [ 5 – 7 ].…”

“…The degree of damage, however, is also influenced by the time of infection, environmental conditions, cultivar susceptibility and aggressiveness of the pathogen [ 1 , 4 , 5 ]. India, being one of the leading wheat-producing countries, faces a high incidence of these rusts, particularly in the Northern parts known as the breadbasket of India, due to suitable environmental conditions for pathogens [ 5 – 7 ]. The success of the green revolution with the breeding of superior yielding disease-resistant varieties has undeniably resulted in a significant boost in agricultural productivity.…”