Epidemiology of Staphylococcus aureus Nasal Carriage Patterns in the Community

Mehraj, Jaishri; Witte, Wolfgang; Akmatov, Manas K.; Layer, Franziska; Werner, Guido; Krause, Gérard

doi:10.1007/82_2016_497

Cited by 74 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 131 publications

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“…Young age and male gender are among a range of factors sometimes considered to increase the carriage of S. aureus carriage in the community, although mixed results have been observed [20,29]. While these factors may affect carriage rates, this study found no evidence that gender is a factor that contributes to the chance of having a S. aureus positive DFI.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 70%

“…This study therefore suggests that the rate of S. aureus positive DFIs may be independent of these factors, however these findings are somewhat limited by the statistical power. In general, the prevalence of commensal S. aureus colonisation is considered to decline with increasing age, including among hospital patients [20,29]. However, this study found that the prevalence of S. aureus in DFIs was in fact associated with increasing patient age.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

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A retrospective analysis of the microbiology of diabetic foot infections at a Scottish tertiary hospital

et al. 2020

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Background: This study represents the first Scottish retrospective analysis of the microbiology of diabetic foot infections (DFIs). The aims were to compare the microbiological profile of DFIs treated at a Scottish tertiary hospital to that in the literature, gather data regarding antimicrobial resistance and investigate potential trends between the microbiological results and nature or site of the clinical sample taken and age or gender of the patients. Methods: A retrospective analysis of wound microbiology results was performed, data were obtained from one multidisciplinary outpatient foot clinic during the 12 months of the year 2017. Seventy-three patients and 200 microbiological investigations were included. In cases of soft tissue infection, the deepest part of a cleansed and debrided wound was sampled. In cases of osteomyelitis a bone biopsy was obtained. Factors influencing the pattern of microbial growth or prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus were investigated.Results: Of the 200 microbiological investigations, 62% were culture positive, of which 37.9% were polymicrobial and 62.1% monomicrobial. Among the monomicrobial results (n = 77), most were Gram positive isolates (96.1%) and the most frequently isolated bacteria was S. aureus (84.4%). No methicillinresistant S. aureus was reported. The prevalence of S. aureus in DFIs was associated with increasing age (p = 0.021), but no evidence of association with gender, anatomical sample site or sample material was found. Conclusion: The microbiological profile of DFIs in Scotland resembles that reported elsewhere in the UK. In this context, Gram positive organisms, primarily S. aureus, are most frequently isolated from DFIs. The S. aureus isolates identified were largely susceptible to antibiotic therapy. An association between increasing patient age and the prevalence of S. aureus in DFIs was observed.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 70%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

A retrospective analysis of the microbiology of diabetic foot infections at a Scottish tertiary hospital

et al. 2020

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“…In our population of university students, which belongs to different nationalities, the nasal S. aureus carriage rate was 30.9%, and the MRSA carriage rate was 11.3%. S. aureus nasal carriage rates remarkably vary among different populations; however, our rates are comparable with other reports with similar study samples [16][17][18] . Studies focusing on university students have reported MRSA prevalence in a range between 1.5% and 13% [18][19][20][21][22] .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Nasal Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus carriage and related risk factors in university student population

Şanlıtürk¹,

Ahmadkhanpour²,

Al-Numan³

et al. 2020

mjima

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Introduction:Here, we aimed to analyze the risk factors of nasal methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) carriage in a sample pool comprising university students and characterize MRSA isolates' antibiotic resistance profiles. Materials and Methods: A questionnaire was distributed to each participant and used as a data collection tool for obtaining demographic-and risk factor-related information. Each participant was also screened for S. aureus and MRSA nasal carriage. Associations between MRSA carriage and risk factors were evaluated with biostatistical methods. Bacterial isolates were isolated and identified with standard microbiological techniques. The antibiotic resistance phenotypes of the isolates were analyzed using the disk diffusion method in accordance with the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing guidelines. Results: The nasal MRSA carriage rate detected in our population was 11.3%. Having a skin infection in the past year (p=0.039) and working in a healthcare system during the previous year (p=0.018) were found to be significant risk factors associated with the nasal MRSA carriage of students. The antibiotic susceptibility test on MRSA isolates demonstrated high resistance rates to rifampicin, erythromycin, and kanamycin. Conclusion: The high rate (11.3%) of nasal MRSA carriage among university students is concerning. Thus, activities that aim to enhance knowledge and awareness among university students and administrators should be implemented to prevent possible transmission and outbreak scenarios.Giriş: Burada, üniversite öğrencilerinden oluşan bir örnek havuzunda metisilin-dirençli Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) taşıyıcılığı için risk faktörleri analiz edilmesi ve MRSA izolatlarının antibiyotik direnç profillerinin karakterizasyonu amaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Risk faktörleri ve demografik bilgilerin elde edilmesi için tüm katılımcılara bir veri toplama aracı olarak anket dağıtılmıştır. Ayrıca, her katılımcı burunda S. aureus ve MRSA taşıyıcılığı için taranmıştır. MRSA taşıyıcılığı ve risk faktörleri arasındaki ilişkiler biyoistatistiksel yöntemlerle değerlendirilmiştir. Bakteriyel izolatların izolasyonunda ve tanımlanmasında standart mikrobiyolojik teknikler kullanılmıştır. İzolatların antibiyotik direnç fenotipleri disk difüzyon metodu ile European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing kriterlerine göre analiz edilmiştir. Bulgular: Popülasyonumuzda burunda MRSA taşıyıcılığı oranı %11,3 olarak belirlendi. "Geçen yılda bir deri enfeksiyonu geçirmiş olmak" (p=0,039) ve "geçmiş yıl içerisinde bir sağlık sisteminde çalışmış olmak" (p=0,018) öğrencilerde burunda MRSA taşıyıcılığı ile ilişkili anlamlı risk faktörleri olarak bulundu. MRSA izolatlarının antibiyotik duyarlılık testi rifampisin, eritromisin ve kanamisin için yüksek direnç oranları ile sonuçlandı. Sonuç: Üniversite öğrencilerindeki yüksek burunda MRSA taşıyıcılığı oranı (%11,3) endişe vericidir. Dolayısı ile, muhtemel yayılma ve salgın senaryolarının önlenmesi için üniversite öğrencilerinde ve yön...

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“…S. aureus carrier state can be permanent (applies to 6-37%, on average 20% of the population) or transient (9-70%, an average of 30%), and asymptomatic S. aureus colonization never occurs in about 50% (in the range from 2 to 73%) of healthy adults (17,18). S. aureus most often inhabits the mucous membrane of the nasal cavity (10-48% of carriers) and throat (4-64%), gastrointestinal tract (17-31%) and skin on which it particularly prefers warm and moist places, i.e.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nosicielstwo S. aureus może mieć charakter stały (dotyczy 6 -37%, średnio 20% populacji) lub przejściowy (9 -70%, średnio 30%), a u około 50% (w zakresie od 2 do 73%) zdrowych, dorosłych osób bezobjawowa kolonizacja S. aureus nigdy nie występuje (17,18). Gronkowiec złocisty u nosicieli najczęściej zasiedla błonę śluzową jamy nosowej (10 -48% nosicieli) oraz gardła (4 -64%), przewód pokarmowy (17 -31%) oraz skórę, na której szczególnie preferuje miejsca ciepłe i wilgotne, czyli skórę pach (około 8%), pachwin (nawet do 63%), okolic klatki piersiowej, brzucha (15%) oraz krocza (około 22%) (19).…”

Section: Dyskusjaunclassified

Prevalence of methicillin resistant and mupirocin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains among medical students of Medical University in Warsaw

et al. 2019

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INTRODUCTION.Staphylococcus aureus is a microorganism, which is able to colonize the human body without any pathogenic effect, but it also can cause life-threatening infections (opportunistic pathogen). Asymptomatic colonization with both methicillin resistant (MRSA) and methicillin susceptible (MSSA) S.aureus strains state is an important predisposing factor for infections. The risk of infection for carriers of MSSA is even three-times higher than for non-colonized people, and in the case of MRSA it is even four-times higher than in MSSA carriers. Carriers can be also a source of infection for other people, especially those belonging to high-risk groups. The drug of choice used for the local eradication of S.aureus is mupirocin (Mup). In recent years, the failure of decolonization therapy has been observed. The aim of the study was to assess and compare the level of colonization of S.aureus (MRSA or MSSA) among medical students and to evaluate the sensitivity of the strains to mupirocin. For MRSA/MupRSA isolates the molecular mechanism of resistance phenotype was determined. MATERIALS AND METHODS. 955 swabs from 2014-2016 from pre-clinical students of medicine of the Medical University of Warsaw. The strains were identified using Pastorex-Staph-Plus (BioRad) and/or the VITEK-MS system (Biomerieux), according to manufacturer's instructions. Susceptibility to methicillin and mupirocin was determined by disk diffusion and/or broth microdilution method, according to EUCAST. The presence of the mecA/mecC and mupA genes were detected with PCR technique. RESULTS. Asymptomatic colonization with S.aureus strains was found in 245/955 (25,7%) students, in particular years in the range of 21,7-29,9%. 243 isolates expressed the MSSA/MupSSA phenotype, one strain was resistant to mupirocin MSSA/MupRSA (genotype mecA/mecC-negative, mupA-positive) and one showed simultaneous resistance to methicillin and mupirocin (mecA/mupA-positive genotype). The level of MRSA and MupRSA colonization was 0,1% and 0,2%, respectively. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS. The level of S.aureus colonization among surveyed students, didn't differ from the norm for a generally healthy population, but showed an upward trend. The carriage of S.aureus, especially of multi-resistant strains among medical students at the beginning of their clinical activities, consist of a real threat to patients and other people.

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Epidemiology of Staphylococcus aureus Nasal Carriage Patterns in the Community

Cited by 74 publications

References 131 publications

A retrospective analysis of the microbiology of diabetic foot infections at a Scottish tertiary hospital

A retrospective analysis of the microbiology of diabetic foot infections at a Scottish tertiary hospital

Nasal Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus carriage and related risk factors in university student population

Prevalence of methicillin resistant and mupirocin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains among medical students of Medical University in Warsaw

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