Epidemiology of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth

Abstract

Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) is defined as an increase in the bacterial content of the small intestine above normal values. The presence of SIBO is detected in 33.8% of patients with gastroenterological complaints who underwent a breath test, and is significantly associated with smoking, bloating, abdominal pain, and anemia. Proton pump inhibitor therapy is a significant risk factor for SIBO. The risk of SIBO increases with age and does not depend on gender or race. SIBO complicates the course of a number of diseases and may be of pathogenetic significance in the development of their symptoms. SIBO is significantly associated with functional dyspepsia, irritable bowel syndrome, functional abdominal bloating, functional constipation, functional diarrhea, short bowel syndrome, chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction, lactase deficiency, diverticular and celiac diseases, ulcerative colitis, Crohn’s disease, cirrhosis, metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), primary biliary cholangitis, gastroparesis, pancreatitis, cystic fibrosis, gallstone disease, diabetes, hypothyroidism, hyperlipidemia, acromegaly, multiple sclerosis, autism, Parkinson’s disease, systemic sclerosis, spondylarthropathy, fibromyalgia, asthma, heart failure, and other diseases. The development of SIBO is often associated with a slowdown in orocecal transit time that decreases the normal clearance of bacteria from the small intestine. The slowdown of this transit may be due to motor dysfunction of the intestine in diseases of the gut, autonomic diabetic polyneuropathy, and portal hypertension, or a decrease in the motor-stimulating influence of thyroid hormones. In a number of diseases, including cirrhosis, MAFLD, diabetes, and pancreatitis, an association was found between disease severity and the presence of SIBO. Further work on the effect of SIBO eradication on the condition and prognosis of patients with various diseases is required.

Spatially and Temporally Precise Microbiome Profiling in the Small Intestine using the SIMBA Capsule with X-ray tracking

“…In the small intestine, dysbiosis is associated mainly with small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO), a condition often intertwined into the symptomatology of other functional bowel diseases such as irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel diseases, or short bowel syndrome. (4) SIBO incidence can be increased in the presence of dysfunctions of SI protective mechanisms (e.g. lower antimicrobial gastric and biliary secretions, reduced anterograde peristalsis preventing microbial adherence, loss of the ileocecal valve inhibiting retrograde translocation of colonic bacteria, reduced mucin production by mucosal epithelial cells trapping bacteria, reduced cellular/humoral immunity and anti-bacterial peptides), particularly in the setting of systemic illness, altered anatomy (e.g.…”

Nutrition and Chronobiology as Key Components of Multidisciplinary Therapeutic Interventions for Fibromyalgia and Associated Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: A Narrative and Critical Review

“…Low FODMAP diets significantly improved IBS symptoms [ 93 ], as well as SIBO [ 94 ]. The presence of SIBO was detected in 33.8% of persons with gastroenterological complaints who underwent a breath test and is significantly associated with smoking, bloating, abdominal pain, and anemia [ 95 ]. SIBO and other processes affecting gut microbiota permeability and functionality are likely underdiagnosed prevalent conditions in FM and should undergo further study.…”

Cow’s Milk: A Benefit for Human Health? Omics Tools and Precision Nutrition for Lactose Intolerance Management

“…Several studies show the correlation between LI and some other gastrointestinal disorders such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), celiac disease (CD), non-celiac gluten sensitivity (NCGS) [ 101 , 102 , 103 , 104 ] and small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) [ 105 ]. In these cases, a lactose-restricted diet is often recommended, although it can potentially result in some nutrient deficiencies and complications such as bone health.…”