Epidemiology of shoulder and elbow injuries in National Collegiate Athletic Association wrestlers, 2009-2010 through 2013-2014

Goodman, Avi D.; Twomey‐Kozak, John; DeFroda, Steven F.; Owens, Brett D.

doi:10.1080/00913847.2018.1425596

Cited by 13 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 10 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The same study found that Division I wrestlers sustained the most injuries when compared with other collegiate athletes. 10 However, we have yet to determine how early sport specialization in wrestlers can contribute to injury occurrence and the level of athletic success obtained.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Early Sports Specialization in Elite Wrestlers

McDonald

Deitch

Bush

2019

Sports Health: A Multidisciplinary Approach

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Sports specialization is becoming an increasingly common training strategy in young athletes. Very little research currently exists examining the occurrence of serious injury (>3 months off sport or loss of season) in elite-level wrestlers who specialize early (before age 12 years). Hypothesis: Wrestlers who specialize early will sustain more serious injuries than wrestlers who specialize at age 12 years or older. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiological study. Methods: We sent an anonymous online survey to a total of 312 elite-level wrestlers (National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I athletes and World/Olympic team members) containing questions documenting age of specialization and number of serious injuries sustained. The number of serious injuries both before and after starting college were compared between wrestlers specializing at <12 years old and ≥12 years old using an independent-samples t test. Respondents’ opinions on the necessity of early specialization and their primary source of encouragement to specialize were also reported. Results: A total of 143 wrestlers completed the survey, for a total response rate of 46%. Thirty-six (25%) wrestlers specialized at <12 years old. The early specialization group sustained significantly more serious injuries than the late specialization group (1.14 vs 0.60; P = 0.035). Sixty-two (43%) believed early specialization was necessary to achieve elite-level status. The decision to specialize was encouraged primarily by the athlete (78/143; 55%), parents (37/143; 26%), and coaches (22/143; 15%). Conclusion: Elite wrestlers who specialize prior to age 12 years sustain a greater number of serious injuries before starting college than those who specialize at or after the age of 12 years. Clinical Relevance: Athletes, coaches, and parents should consider the risk of injury before adopting a wrestling-specialized training strategy at a young age.

show abstract

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Early Sports Specialization in Elite Wrestlers

McDonald

Deitch

Bush

2019

Sports Health: A Multidisciplinary Approach

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Men’s football and wrestling have traditionally been associated with the highest rates of elbow subluxation-dislocation events, which was consistent with the highest and second highest number of injuries in these 2 sports, respectively (see Tables 1 and 11). 6,9 –11 Additionally, wrestling and football are contact sports, which may contribute to the overall higher number of injuries secondary to a contact mechanism. Many positions in which the athlete’s hand is on the ground while a contact force is applied may be the cause of the high injury rates seen in these particular sports.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elbow Injuries in National Collegiate Athletic Association Athletes: A 5-Season Epidemiological Study

Hassebrock

Patel

Makovicka

et al. 2019

Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Little research has focused on the rates and patterns of elbow injuries in National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) student-athletes. Purpose: To describe the epidemiological patterns of elbow injuries in NCAA athletes during 5 seasons over the academic years 2009 through 2014 using the NCAA Injury Surveillance Program (NCAA-ISP) database. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Methods: A voluntary convenience sample of NCAA varsity teams from 11 sports was examined to determine the rates and patterns of elbow injuries. Rates and distributions of elbow injuries were identified within the context of sport, event type, time in season, mechanism, time lost from sport, surgical treatment, and injury type. Rates of injury were calculated as the number of injuries divided by the total number of athlete-exposures (AEs). An AE was defined as any student participation in 1 NCAA-sanctioned practice or competition with an inherent risk of exposure to potential injury. Injury rate ratios (IRRs) and injury proportion ratios (IPRs) were then calculated to compare the rates within and between sports by event type, season, sex, mechanism, surgical treatment, and time lost from sport. Comparisons between sexes were made using only sports data that had both male and female samples. Results: Overall, 373 elbow injuries were reported in the NCAA-ISP data set during the 2009-2010 through 2013-2014 academic years among 11 varsity sports. The overall rate of injury was 1.76 per 10,000 AEs. The rate of elbow injuries in men was 0.74 per 10,000 AEs, while women experienced injuries at a rate of 0.63 per 10,000 AEs. In sex-comparable sports, men were 1.17 times more likely to experience an elbow injury compared with women. Men’s wrestling (6.00/10,000 AEs) and women’s tennis (1.86/10,000 AEs) were the sports with the highest rates of elbow injuries by sex, respectively. The top 3 highest injury rates overall occurred in men’s wrestling, baseball, and tennis. Elbow injuries were 3.5 times more likely to occur during competition compared with practice. Athletes were 0.76 times less likely to sustain an elbow injury during the preseason compared with in-season. Contact events were the most common mechanism of injury (67%). For sex-comparable sports, men were 2.41 times more likely than women to have contact as their injury mechanism (95% CI, 0.78-7.38). The majority of athletes missed less than 24 hours of participation time (67%), and only a minority (3%) of patients with elbow injuries went on to have surgical intervention. Elbow ulnar collateral ligament injuries were most common (26% of total injuries). Conclusion: Analysis of the study data demonstrated a significant rate of elbow injuries, 1.76 injuries per 10,000 AEs in NCAA collegiate athletes. Higher injury rates can be expected in males within sex-comparable sports. Elbow injuries are most common in the setting of competitions and most commonly occur secondary to contact-type mechanisms. Injuries were more likely to occur during in-season play. The majority of injuries required less than 24 hours of time away from sport and did not require surgical intervention.

show abstract

“…The American Journal of Sports Medicine 2024;52(3):586-593 DOI: 10.1177/03635465231218262 Ó 2024 The Author(s) level, wrestling has demonstrated an incidence of 22 shoulder and elbow injuries per 10,000 athlete-exposures. 11 More recent investigations build on these data, noting a high prevalence of upper extremity injuries, particularly shoulder instability (35.6 injuries per 100,000 athleteexposures) and operative shoulder injuries (1.14 per 10,000 athlete-exposures). 9,22,32 Mechanistically, these injuries occur during competition, practice, and drilling and are most common during takedowns.…”

Section: In-depthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Outcomes of Shoulder Instability Surgery in Competitive Wrestlers: Outcomes, Reoperations, and Return to Play at 5 Years’ Mean Follow-up

Marigi,

Lamba,

Boos

et al. 2024

Am J Sports Med

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Wrestling is a physically demanding sport with young athletes prone to traumatic shoulder instability and a paucity of data evaluating the results of shoulder instability surgery (SIS). Purpose: To assess reoperation rates, patient-reported outcomes, and return to wrestling (RTW) after SIS in a cohort of competitive wrestlers. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: All competitive wrestlers with a history of shoulder instability and subsequent surgery at a single institution between 1996 and 2020 were identified. All directions of shoulder instability (anterior shoulder instability [ASI], posterior shoulder instability [PSI], and traumatic multidirectional shoulder instability [TMDI]) were analyzed. Exclusions included revision SIS and <2 years of follow-up. Athletes were contacted for determination of complications, RTW, and Western Ontario Shoulder Instability Index scores. Results: Ultimately, 104 wrestlers were included with a mean age at initial instability of 16.9 years (range, 12.0-22.7 years), mean age at surgery of 18.9 years (range, 14.0-29.0 years), and a mean follow-up of 5.2 years (range, 2.0-22.0 years). A total of 58 (55.8%) wrestlers were evaluated after a single shoulder instability event, while 46 (44.2%) sustained multiple events before evaluation. ASI was the most common direction (n = 79; 76.0%), followed by PSI (n = 14; 13.5%) and TMDI (n = 11; 10.6%). Surgical treatment was most commonly an arthroscopic soft tissue stabilization (n = 88; 84.6%), with open soft tissue repair (n = 13; 12.5%) and open bony augmentation (n = 3; 2.9%) performed less frequently. RTW occurred in 57.3% of wrestlers at a mean of 9.8 months. Recurrent instability was the most common complication, occurring in 18 (17.3%) wrestlers. Revision SIS was performed in 15 (14.4%) wrestlers. Across the entire cohort, survivorship rates free from recurrent instability and revision surgery were 90.4% and 92.5% at 2 years, 71.9% and 70.7% at 5 years, and 71.9% and 66.5% at 10 years, respectively. Preoperative recurrent instability was an independent risk factor for postoperative recurrent instability (hazard ratio, 3.8; 95% CI, 1.33-11.03; P = .012). Conclusion: Competitive wrestlers with multiple dislocations before initial clinical evaluation were 3.8 times more likely to experience postoperative recurrent instability. Patients should be counseled that despite SIS, only 57.3% returned to wrestling after surgery.

show abstract

Epidemiology of shoulder and elbow injuries in National Collegiate Athletic Association wrestlers, 2009-2010 through 2013-2014

Cited by 13 publications

References 10 publications

Early Sports Specialization in Elite Wrestlers

Early Sports Specialization in Elite Wrestlers

Elbow Injuries in National Collegiate Athletic Association Athletes: A 5-Season Epidemiological Study

Outcomes of Shoulder Instability Surgery in Competitive Wrestlers: Outcomes, Reoperations, and Return to Play at 5 Years’ Mean Follow-up

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About