Epidemiology of Severe Injuries among United States High School Athletes

academic years were analyzed. Quadriceps strain injury rates and injury rate ratios (IRRs) were reported with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).Results: Overall, 517 quadriceps strains were reported, resulting in an injury rate of 1.07/10 000 athlete-exposures (AEs). The sports with the highest overall quadriceps strain rates were women's soccer (5.61/10 000 AEs), men's soccer (2.52/ 10 000 AEs), women's indoor track (2.24/10 000 AEs), and women's softball (2.15/10 000 AEs). Across sex-comparable sports, women had a higher rate of quadriceps strains than men overall (1.97 versus 0.65/10 000 AEs; IRR ¼ 3.03; 95% CI ¼ 2.45, 3.76). The majority of quadriceps strains were sustained during practice (77.8%). However, the quadriceps strain rate was higher during competition than during practice (1.29 versus 1.02/10 000 AEs; IRR ¼ 1.27; 95% CI ¼ 1.03, 1.56). Most quadriceps strains occurred in the preseason (57.8%), and rates were higher during the preseason compared with the regular season (2.29 versus 0.63/10 000 AEs; IRR ¼ 3.60; 95% CI ¼ 3.02, 4.30). Common injury mechanisms were noncontact (63.2%) and overuse (21.9%). Most quadriceps strains restricted participation by less than 1 week (79.3%).Conclusions: Across 25 sports, higher quadriceps strain rates were found in women versus men, in competitions versus practices, and in the preseason versus the regular season. Most quadriceps strains were minor in severity, although further surveillance is needed to better examine the risk factors associated with incidence and severity.Key Words: injury surveillance, injury prevention, collegiate sports Key PointsThe highest rates of quadriceps strains were found in women's and men's soccer. Rates of quadriceps strains were higher in women versus men (in sex-comparable sports), in competitions versus practices, and in the preseason versus regular season.

Section: Definitionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of Quadriceps Strains in National Collegiate Athletic Association Athletes, 2009–2010 Through 2014–2015

Eckard

Kerr

Padua

et al. 2017

“…Severe injuries required more than 21 days before return to participation and included those injuries that resulted in the student-athlete prematurely ending the season (ie, season-ending injury). 17 …”

Section: Data-collection Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of Knee Sprains in Youth, High School, and Collegiate American Football Players

Clifton

Oñate

Schussler

et al. 2017

Context: Variations in knee-sprain incidence among competition levels are unclear but may help inform prevention strategies in American football players.Objective: To describe the epidemiology of knee sprains in youth, high school, and collegiate football players.Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Setting: Injury and athlete-exposure (AE) data were collected from 3 injury-surveillance programs at the youth, high school, and collegiate competition levels.Patients or Other Participants: Data from 310 youth, 184 high school, and 71 collegiate football team-seasons were collected during the 2012 through 2014 seasons.Main Outcome Measure(s): Knee-sprain rates and risks were calculated for each competition level. Injury rate ratios (IRRs) and risk ratios (RRs) compared knee-sprain rates by competition level. Injury proportion ratios (IPRs) compared differences in surgery needs, recurrence, injury mechanism, and injury activity by competition level.Results: Knee-sprain rates in youth, high school, and collegiate football were 0.16/1000 AEs, 0.25/1000 AEs, and 0.69/1000 AEs, respectively. Knee-sprain rates increased as the competition level increased (high school versus youth: IRR ¼ Conclusions: Knee-sprain incidence was highest in collegiate football. However, level-specific variations in the distributions of knee sprains by injury activity may highlight the need to develop level-specific policies and prevention strategies that ensure safe sports play.Key Words: knee injuries, injury surveillance, injury prevention Key PointsThe risk of knee sprains increased as the competition level increased, with the highest risk occurring in collegiate football players. Total knee-sprain rates and the proportion due to being blocked were higher in collegiate than in youth or high school football athletes; however, a smaller proportion of collegiate knee sprains were due to tackling. Level-specific variations in the distributions of knee sprains by injury activity may highlight the need to develop policies and prevention strategies that ensure safe sports play.

“…For example, the ''Summary document: appropriate medical coverage for secondary school athletes'' 8 and the ''Interassociation consensus statement on best practices for sports medicine management for secondary schools and colleges ''11 identified components of clinical practice that need to be considered when discussing appropriate athletic health care for interscholastic athletes. These clinical practice components include coverage of high-risk sports, 18,19 treatment and rehabilitation services, 12,13 and injury-and illness-prevention services. 26,27 Together with previous studies that characterized treatment and rehabilitation services in high-risk sports, our findings should help clinicians and administrators make more informed decisions about appropriate coverage at their clinical sites.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Athletic Training Services During Daily Patient Encounters: A Report From the Athletic Training Practice-Based Research Network

Lam

Valier

Anderson

et al. 2016

Context: Athletic training services such as taping, wrapping, and stretching are common during routine care but rarely captured in traditional patient documentation. These clinical data are vital when determining appropriate medical coverage and demonstrating the value and worth of athletic trainers (ATs). Objective: To analyze clinical data from daily encounter forms within the Athletic Training Practice-Based Research Network (AT-PBRN). Design: Descriptive study. Setting: Secondary school athletic training clinics. Patients or Other Participants: Adolescent patients (n = 4888; age = 16.3 ± 1.4 years) seeking care from ATs. Main Outcome Measure(s): We used Web-based electronic medical records from December 1, 2009, to July 1, 2015, to obtain patient characteristics via deidentified data. Descriptive data regarding practice characteristics from patient encounter forms were analyzed and reported as percentages and frequencies. Results: A total of 36 245 patient encounters (mean = 7.5 ± 11.6 encounters per patient) were recorded. Football, basketball, soccer, track, and volleyball accounted for 85.1% of all encounters. Most encounters were for preventive services (48.8%, n = 22 329), followed by care for a current injury (37.2%, n = 17 027) and care for a new injury (13.9%, n = 6368). Of the preventive encounters, taping (52.7%) was the most common service provided, followed by ice- or hot-pack application (25.4%) and treatment (9.6%). Taping (28.7%) was also the most common service for current injuries, followed by treatment (26.7%) and ice- or hot-pack application (26.2%). Conclusions: Our findings highlight the unique role of ATs as health care providers who provide substantial preventive services to their patients. Further, these results represent one of the first attempts to describe athletic training services related to nontime-loss injuries, emphasizing the significant role that ATs play in the health care of secondary school athletes. These findings should help clinicians and administrators make more informed decisions regarding appropriate medical coverage.