Epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 infection in nursing facilities and the impact of their clusters in a Japanese core city

Shimizu, Koki; Maeda, Hirokazu; Sando, Eiichiro; Fujita, Atsuko; Tashiro, Masato; Tanaka, Takeshi; Izumikawa, Koichi; Motomura, Katsuaki; Morimoto, Konosuke

doi:10.1016/j.jiac.2022.04.010

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 23 publications

(23 reference statements)

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“…The specified scenario creates additional difficulties for the early identification and timely diagnosis of infected old patients and significantly increases the risk of inadvertent transmission and contamination by SARS-CoV-2 in long-term care facilities. In most cases, weak old people who are carriers of multiple risk factors and suffer from incurable chronic illnesses such as diabetes mellitus, obesity, pulmonary and kidney problems, cardiovascular diseases and arterial hypertension, and their concomitant complications are more susceptible to the coronavirus disease [1], [18], [50], [51], [52], [53], [54], [55], [56], [57]. The functional dependence as a result of pre-existing comorbid conditions and age-related loss of physical and mental abilities and immune alterations impairs and reduces the capacity of the old organism to recover from any acute attack [58], [59], [60].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Situation with Institutionalized Elderly in Bulgaria during COVID-19 Pandemic

Todorova

2023

Open Access Maced J Med Sci

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BACKGROUND: At the beginning of the pandemic, health authorities warned that the most vulnerable group of the coronavirus infection are persons over the age of 65 and in particular institutionalized elderly, as their mortality rate is growing exponentially. Therefore, the protection of old people living in social institutions during the periods of COVID-19 waves is an essential priority. AIM: The study presents information from Bulgarian and foreign surveys and available data from regional, international social and health organizations, government institutions, and departments regarding the situation with institutionalized elderly in Bulgaria during COVID-19 pandemic. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A systematic review was used by searching the Web of Science, Science Direct, Scopus, and PubMed online databases of various legal and scientific sources for relevant and reliable information. RESULTS: Bulgarian old people inhabiting specialized social institutions are at a much higher risk of coronavirus infection and disease. A significant part of them has severe impairments and accompanying chronic conditions, which instantly make them potential, quick, and easy victims of the pandemic. Residents of social homes are isolated from the outside world. They are forced to eat in the common dining room and to share the personal room with another accommodated individual. Compliance with social and physical distancing, as well as hygienic and anti-epidemic measures, turns out to be impossible. They communicate daily with staff who care for them and who are in constant contact with the external environment, which inevitably contributes to the spread of the virus in social institutions. CONCLUSION: The pandemic put institutionalized elderly, a very vulnerable population group, at health risk and affected their well-being. The presented results confirmed the need for urgent change of policies in the long-term care and nursing home sector not only in preparation for future pandemics but also for the overall improvement of the quality of care provided.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Situation with Institutionalized Elderly in Bulgaria during COVID-19 Pandemic

Todorova

2023

Open Access Maced J Med Sci

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“…The number of cases grew explosively during 2022, when the Omicron variant strain was dominant, as shown in Figure 1. Long-term care facilities for elderly people have remained the places most vulnerable to COVID-19 outbreaks (Shimizu et al, 2022) Infection control at these facilities is expected to be the most important countermeasure to ease disease burdens attributable to COVID-19 (Vijh et al, 2022) . After the outbreak of COVID-19, long-term care facilities prohibited visits by family members and other parties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infection control and COVID-19 outbreak training at elderly care facilities

SAKURAI,

KURITA,

YAMAGUCHI

et al. 2023

Journal of Microorganism Control

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Fatalities caused by pneumonia and underlying diseases from COVID-19 infection show the highest relative frequency among elderly people. Long-term care facilities for elderly people have continued to be the areas most vulnerable to COVID-19. We examined the effectiveness of training for infection control and COVID-19 at elderly care facilities. After sending questionnaires to all long-term elderly care facilities in Ibaraki prefecture, Japan during January 18 -29, 2022, we received useful responses from 98 facilities. Using logistic regression, we regressed a dummy variable for outbreak experience to dummy variables representing routine but partial training, routine training for all staff members, long-term care facilities for elderly people, numbers of nurses, and numbers of residents. Outbreak experiences of two types were inferred, as represented by a dummy variable for a COVID-19 outbreak at the facility, and by a dummy variable for outbreak experience at the facility before COVID-19 was found. Multivariate analysis indicated routine training for all staff members as the most effective, in fact the only effective, countermeasure against COVID-19 outbreak.

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“…There have been several reports of relatively low incidence rates of COVID-19 in nursing homes in Japan compared with those in Europe and the United States [12], reporting the impact of COVID-19 on elderly adults living in care facilities compared with those living in the communities [13], the relationship between the number and size of outbreaks at long-term care facilities and morbidity and mortality rates [14], and analyses of factors related to the size of outbreaks at medical and social welfare facilities [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Concentrated COVID-19 Outbreaks in Elderly Facilities in Suita City, Osaka Prefecture, Japan

Shibata,

Okano,

Onozuka

et al. 2023

IJERPH

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There are several types of facilities for elderly individuals in Japan. Infection control efforts, such as care provision and medical care access, differ according to the type of facility. Elderly individuals at these facilities who were infected with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) experienced severe illness and mortality. This study aimed to determine the characteristics of concentrated COVID-19 outbreaks that occurred in nursing homes and care facilities in Suita City. During this study, twenty-five elderly facilities in Suita City with a capacity of 40 or more individuals where an outbreak occurred during the sixth or seventh wave of infection were included. We investigated whether there was a difference in the COVID-19 incidence and the percentage of positive cases according to the type of facility. We also investigated the relationship between the facility capacity and positive case rate and that between the number of positive cases and outbreak duration. The incidence rate of COVID-19 was significantly different according to the facility type (p < 0.001). No association was found between the facility capacity and positive case rate. The outbreak duration increased as the number of positive cases increased (p = 0.004).

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Epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 infection in nursing facilities and the impact of their clusters in a Japanese core city

Cited by 6 publications

References 23 publications

The Situation with Institutionalized Elderly in Bulgaria during COVID-19 Pandemic

The Situation with Institutionalized Elderly in Bulgaria during COVID-19 Pandemic

Infection control and COVID-19 outbreak training at elderly care facilities

Analysis of Concentrated COVID-19 Outbreaks in Elderly Facilities in Suita City, Osaka Prefecture, Japan

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