Epidemiology of rubella disease in south-west nigeria: trends and projection from measles case-based surveillance data

Fatiregun, Akinola Ayoola; Fagbamigbe, Adeniyi Francis; Adebowale, Ayodeji S

doi:10.1080/23120053.2014.11441571

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 10 publications

(33 reference statements)

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“…This finding suggests a possible seasonality in the incidence of rubella infection in the north western part of the country with peak incidence in the month of March. Our finding is similar to the findings of a study in Southwestern Nigeria which observed a seasonality of rubella cases with an increase in the number of cases in the first quarter (January-April) and last quarter (September-December) [ 18 ]. It is similar to the findings from Ethiopia which observed increase in the number of rubella cases in February, with a major peak between April and May before cases declined to the lowest level in August [ 11 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Incidence of rubella in a state in North-western Nigeria: a call for action

Omoleke¹,

Udenenwu²

2016

Pan Afr Med J

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IntroductionRubella cases are often under-reported, especially in many developing countries, owing to inadequate attention and weak funding of elimination strategies, despite being an epidemic-prone disease. Based on available data, this paper, therefore, seeks to bring the attention of public health practitioners, researchers and policy makers to threats of rubella in our environment, and also recommend measures to mitigate the threats.MethodsThe authors conducted a retrospective cross-sectional study in which the laboratory results of febrile-rash-illness cases in Kebbi State, Northwest Nigeria, from January 1, 2014 to December 31, 2015 were analysed, using descriptive statistics and chi-square test. We obtained the data set through the routine Integrated Disease Surveillance System and Response being conducted in Nigeria.ResultsA total of 413 febrile-rash-illness cases were reported and investigated in Kebbi State from 2014 to 2015, 5 (3.5%) tested positive for rubella IgM in 2014 while 7(2.6%) tested positive in 2015. There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of rubella between 2014 and 2015 (p> 0.05). Rubella infection was mainly found in children less than 5 years of age with peak incidence period during the hot season (between February and April). There was no significant sex bias in this study. However, our practice experiences in this environment suggest a systematic under-reporting and under-diagnosis of febrile- rash-illnesses.ConclusionThere was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of rubella in children in our setting for the 2-years studied. However, there is a potential for increase in the transmission of the disease due to non-availability of routine childhood vaccination against rubella and the systematic under-reporting of suspected cases and weak laboratory support. In order to better appreciate the burden of rubella infection, there may be a need to undertake a prevalence survey, and simultaneously, strengthening case-based surveillance in Northwestern Nigeria. Further, WHO should support national government in accelerating the introduction of rubella-containing vaccine to stem the potential spread of this infectious disease.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Incidence of rubella in a state in North-western Nigeria: a call for action

Omoleke¹,

Udenenwu²

2016

Pan Afr Med J

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“…A study earlier reported endemicity of Nigeria for rubella virus [16]. The high rate of positivity observed in this study agrees with the observation that urban dwellers show higher rate of immune response to rubella virus which reflects natural infection rather than rubella immunization as Nigeria has no rubella vaccination policy [17]. In addition, report has it that by 15 years of age, most Nigerian children have immunity to rubella due to natural infection [18,19]; this might explain the very low susceptibility rate among the study participants.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Adult Males and Females in Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria Manifest Extremely Low Level of Rubella Virus Susceptibility: Herd Immunity Implication

Awodeji

Sule

2019

PAJOLS

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Introduction: Despite the epidemic-prone nature of rubella and absence of its vaccine in routine immunization in Nigeria, there have been no reported cases of rubella outbreak in Osogbo, capital city of Osun State. We therefore hypothesized that susceptibility to rubella viral infection was low among males and females attending LAUTECH Teaching Hospital, Osogbo. Methodology: To verify this, 89 sera of consecutively selected consenting males and females in the General-Out-Patient Department of LAUTECH Teaching Hospital were tested for presence of protective level of anti-rubella virus IgG antibody using ELISA. Relevant socio-demographic/clinical data were obtained with interviewer-administered questionnaires. The serologic results were analyzed vis-à-vis the participants’ data. Results: The 89 participants were aged 3-85 years (mean age: 39.4 years) with 38.2% as males (mean age: 36.3 years). Overall rubella virus IgG seropositivity was 97.8%. Consequently, the rubella viral infection susceptibility rate was 2.2%, with group-specific susceptibility ranging from 0.0% to 4.2%. The susceptibility for males and females were 2.9% and 1.8% respectively. None of the participants’ variables was statistically associated with the susceptibility; this was mainly due to zero susceptibility of most groups of the participants. The 11 pregnant women and the 7 participants reporting skin rash had zero susceptibility to rubella. Conclusion: The study concludes that males, as well as females, had very low level of susceptibility suggestive of herd immunity against the virus which apparently was responsible for absence of rubella outbreaks in Osogbo, Osun State. As the high positivity rate indicated rubella endemicity, we recommend inclusion of rubella virus-containing immunization in national routine immunization for children and young adults, as well as, public enlightenment regarding rubella in Osogbo, Osun State.

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“…Series (yt) can be represented by a moving average level that changes over time according to the following equation: yt = TRt + SVt + it [ 17 ]…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patterns of diarrhoeal disease among under-five children in Plateau State, Nigeria, 2013–2017

et al. 2021

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Background Diarrhoea is the second commonest cause of under-five mortality accounting for over half a million deaths annually. Although the prevalence of diarrhoea in Plateau State is lower than the national figure, the level remains high despite remarkable progress in the reduction of under-five mortality. This study seeks to determine the pattern of diarrhoea disease among under-fives in Plateau State. Methods We extracted data from the Integrated Disease Surveillance and Response platform between January 2013 and December 2017 and analysed the trends of diarrhoea, age-specific case fatality rate (ASCFR), and seasonal patterns. We modelled the quarterly pattern of diarrhoea cases using additive time series and predicted the expected cases for 2018–2020. Results We documented 60,935 cases of diarrhoea with age group 12–59 months having the highest number of cases (49.3%). The age group < 1 month had the highest ASCFR of 0.53%. Seasonal variation showed cases peaked in the first and third quarters of each year, except for the year 2016. The time series projection estimated 16,256, 17,645 and 19,034 cases in the year 2018, 2019 and 2020 respectively. Conclusion Seasonal variation exists, and trends show an increased pattern of diarrhoeal disease among under-fives. There is a need to strengthen the implementation of diarrhoeal preventive and control strategy in the state and to improve the quality of data reporting.

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Epidemiology of rubella disease in south-west nigeria: trends and projection from measles case-based surveillance data

Cited by 4 publications

References 10 publications

Incidence of rubella in a state in North-western Nigeria: a call for action

Incidence of rubella in a state in North-western Nigeria: a call for action

Adult Males and Females in Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria Manifest Extremely Low Level of Rubella Virus Susceptibility: Herd Immunity Implication

Patterns of diarrhoeal disease among under-five children in Plateau State, Nigeria, 2013–2017

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