Epidemiology of rotavirus gastroenteritis and need of high rotavirus vaccine coverage with early completion of vaccination schedule for protection against rotavirus diarrhea in India: A narrative review

Raju, B. Bhaskar; Parikh, Raunak; Vetter, Volker; Kolhapure, Shafi

doi:10.4103/ijph.ijph_307_18

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…7 ). Among the 29 amino acid residues comprising the VP7 antigenic epitopes, four residues differed from Rotavac, and three differed from RotaSiil [ 21 ]. In comparison to Rotavac, two substitutions (I87T and G100N) occurred in the 7-1a epitope, whereas no substitutions were detected in the 7-1b epitope.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increase in rotavirus prevalence with the emergence of genotype G9P[8] in replacement of genotype G12P[6] in Sabah, Malaysia

et al. 2023

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Rotaviruses are major causative agents of acute diarrhea in children under 5 years of age in Malaysia. However, a rotavirus vaccine has not been included in the national vaccination program. To date, only two studies have been carried out in the state of Sabah, Malaysia, although children in this state are at risk of diarrheal diseases. Previous studies showed that 16%–17% of cases of diarrhea were caused by rotaviruses and that equine-like G3 rotavirus strains are predominant. Because the prevalence of rotaviruses and their genotype distribution vary over time, this study was conducted at four government healthcare facilities from September 2019 through February 2020. Our study revealed that the proportion of rotavirus diarrhea increased significantly to 37.2% (51/137) after the emergence of the G9P[8] genotype in replacement of the G12P[8] genotype. Although equine-like G3P[8] strains remain the predominant rotaviruses circulating among children, the Sabahan G9P[8] strain belonged to lineage VI and was phylogenetically related to strains from other countries. A comparison of the Sabahan G9 strains with the G9 vaccine strains used in the RotaSiil and Rotavac vaccines revealed several mismatches in neutralizing epitopes, indicating that these vaccines might not be effective in Sabahan children. However, a vaccine trial may be necessary to understand the precise effects of vaccination.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increase in rotavirus prevalence with the emergence of genotype G9P[8] in replacement of genotype G12P[6] in Sabah, Malaysia

et al. 2023

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“…In India, where rotavirus infection is a significant public health problem, as in the DRC, Raju demonstrated the need for high rotavirus vaccination coverage in children as early as possible to achieve better protection against rotavirus [ 23 ]. In the United States, Wang demonstrated that one dose of pentavalent vaccine was associated with 88% efficacy against rotavirus gastroenteritis hospitalizations and emergency room visits, and 44% against all-cause gastroenteritis hospitalizations and emergency room visits.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rotavirus and adenovirus infections in children with acute gastroenteritis after introducing the Rotasiil® vaccine in Kisangani, Democratic Republic of the Congo

Manzemu,

Opara,

Kasai

et al. 2024

PLoS ONE

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Background Although rotavirus vaccination has reduced the global burden of the virus, morbidity and mortality from rotavirus infection remain high in Sub-Saharan Africa. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of rotavirus and adenovirus infections in children under five years with acute gastroenteritis and to identify factors associated with rotavirus infection after the introduction of the Rotasiil® vaccine in 2019 in Kisangani, Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). Methods This study consisted of a cross-sectional hospital-based survey conducted from May 2022 to April 2023 in four health facilities in Kisangani, using a fecal-based test (rapid antigenic immuno-chromatographic diagnostic test, BYOSYNEX adenovirus/rotavirus BSS, Biosynex SA, Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France) of rotavirus and adenovirus infections among children under five years of age with acute gastroenteritis. Results A total of 320 children under five years of age with acute gastroenteritis were included. The prevalence of rotavirus infection was 34.4%, that of adenovirus was 6.3%, and that of both rotavirus and adenovirus coinfection was 1.3%. The prevalence of rotavirus was significantly higher in unvaccinated children than in vaccinated children (55.4% versus 23.1%; P < 0.001). This difference was observed only in children who received all three vaccine doses. Multivariate logistic regression analysis shows that the rate of rotavirus infection was significantly reduced in vaccinated children (adjusted OR: 0.31 [95% confidence intervals (CI): 0.19–0.56]; P < 0.001) and those whose mothers had an average (adjusted OR: 0.51 [95% CI: 0.25–0.91]; P = 0.018) or high level (adjusted OR: 0.34 [95% CI: 0.20–0.64]; P < 0.001) of knowledge about the rotavirus vaccine. Conclusions The prevalence of rotavirus infection remains high in Kisangani despite vaccination. However, the prevalence of adenovirus infections was low in our series. Complete vaccination with three doses and mothers’ average and high level of knowledge about the rotavirus vaccine significantly reduces the rate of rotavirus infection. It is, therefore, essential to strengthen the mothers’ health education, continue with the Rotasiil® vaccine, and ensure epidemiological surveillance of rotavirus infection.

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“…if Rotareq, a three-dose vaccine was used. Raju et al [25] Reports that the two-dose vaccine may have advantages over three-dose vaccines in terms of earlier schedule completion and higher compliance because some children may choose not to receive the third dose. A few children took late doses of vaccine (3.4%),…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rotavirus vaccination coverage before and during the covid-19 pandemic in Fako division, Cameroon

Tangunyi Loh,

Ndze,

Tangoh

et al. 2023

Open J Clin Med Case Rep

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Background: Rotavirus vaccines aim to reduce morbidity and mortality associated with severe gastroenteritis. Repeat infections are common but less severe than the primary infection. Rotarix vaccine is given orally in two doses at 2 and 4 months of age in Cameroon. Rotavirus remained a threat to the health of young children during the COVID-19 pandemic and many parts of the world witnessed a decline in vaccine coverage during this pandemic. We sought to find out If the story was the same in Fako Diivision, Cameroon, amidst a sociopolitical conflict. Methods: A retrospective study was done in 4 hospitals on Rotavirus immunization records of children under 5 from 2016-2022. Stratified sampling used, descriptive stats reported. Differences evaluated with Pearson’s chi square (P<0.05).

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Epidemiology of rotavirus gastroenteritis and need of high rotavirus vaccine coverage with early completion of vaccination schedule for protection against rotavirus diarrhea in India: A narrative review

Cited by 9 publications

References 0 publications

Increase in rotavirus prevalence with the emergence of genotype G9P[8] in replacement of genotype G12P[6] in Sabah, Malaysia

Increase in rotavirus prevalence with the emergence of genotype G9P[8] in replacement of genotype G12P[6] in Sabah, Malaysia

Rotavirus and adenovirus infections in children with acute gastroenteritis after introducing the Rotasiil® vaccine in Kisangani, Democratic Republic of the Congo

Rotavirus vaccination coverage before and during the covid-19 pandemic in Fako division, Cameroon

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