Epidemiology of Renibacterium salmoninarum in Scotland and the potential for compartmentalised management of salmon and trout farming areas

Murray, Alexander G.; Munro, L A; Wallace, I S; Allan, Charles; Peeler, E. J.; Thrush, Mark

doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2011.09.034

Cited by 28 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…For the same reasons, there will clearly be limited scope for the transmission of Y. ruckeri strains between Atlantic salmon and rainbow trout, and the two species may conceivably harbor distinct, effectively isolated, and separately evolving populations. Nevertheless, the two sectors are not completely independent, and disease transmission between the two species may occasionally occur (59). Indeed, genetic analyses of Renibacterium salmoninarum isolates from Atlantic salmon and rainbow trout provided evidence for the transmission of this pathogen between the two species because, in many cases, the strains were indistinguishable (62).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, a compartmentalized management program has been established in Scotland to help control bacterial kidney disease (BKD), especially in salmon (61). For these reasons, there is very limited transfer of fish between the salmon and trout networks as evidenced by the infrequent transmission of BKD between the two species (59,60). For the same reasons, there will clearly be limited scope for the transmission of Y. ruckeri strains between Atlantic salmon and rainbow trout, and the two species may conceivably harbor distinct, effectively isolated, and separately evolving populations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…First, salmon and trout farms in Scotland are generally located in different geographic regions, and this provides an element of hydrographic separation of the two industries; salmon farms are located mainly in the north and west and trout farms in the south and east (see Fig. S5 in the supplemental material) (59,60). In addition, a compartmentalized management program has been established in Scotland to help control bacterial kidney disease (BKD), especially in salmon (61).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Yersinia ruckeri Isolates Recovered from Diseased Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) in Scotland Are More Diverse than Those from Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and Represent Distinct Subpopulations

Ormsby

Caws

Burchmore

et al. 2016

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Yersinia ruckeri is the etiological agent of enteric redmouth (ERM) disease of farmed salmonids. Enteric redmouth disease is traditionally associated with rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum), but its incidence in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) is increasing. Yersinia ruckeri isolates recovered from diseased Atlantic salmon have been poorly characterized, and very little is known about the relationship of the isolates associated with these two species. Phenotypic approaches were used to characterize 109 Y. ruckeri isolates recovered over a 14-year period from infected Atlantic salmon in Scotland; 26 isolates from infected rainbow trout were also characterized. Biotyping, serotyping, and comparison of outer membrane protein profiles identified 19 Y. ruckeri clones associated with Atlantic salmon but only five associated with rainbow trout; none of the Atlantic salmon clones occurred in rainbow trout and vice versa. These findings suggest that distinct subpopulations of Y. ruckeri are associated with each species. A new O serotype (designated O8) was identified in 56 biotype 1 Atlantic salmon isolates and was the most common serotype identified from 2006 to 2011 and in 2014, suggesting an increased prevalence during the time period sampled. Rainbow trout isolates were represented almost exclusively by the same biotype 2, serotype O1 clone that has been responsible for the majority of ERM outbreaks in this species within the United Kingdom since the 1980s. However, the identification of two biotype 2, serotype O8 isolates in rainbow trout suggests that vaccines containing serotypes O1 and O8 should be evaluated in both rainbow trout and Atlantic salmon for application in Scotland. IMPORTANCEVaccination plays an important role in protecting Atlantic salmon against the bacterial pathogen Yersinia ruckeri, but, in recent years, there has been an increasing incidence of vaccine breakdown in salmon. This is largely because current vaccines are aimed at rainbow trout and are based on serotypes specific for this species. A wider range of serotypes is responsible for infection in Atlantic salmon, but very little is known about the diversity of these strains and their relationships to those recovered from rainbow trout. In the present study, we demonstrate that Y. ruckeri isolates recovered from diseased Atlantic salmon in Scotland are more diverse than those from rainbow trout; furthermore, isolates from the two species represent distinct subpopulations. In addition, a new O serotype was identified that is responsible for a significant proportion of the disease in Atlantic salmon. Our findings are likely to have important implications for the development of improved vaccines against Y. ruckeri. The Gram-negative bacterium Yersinia ruckeri is the etiological agent of enteric redmouth (ERM) disease of cultured salmonids and causes significant economic losses to the fish-farming industry. Yersinia ruckeri was first isolated in 1956 from diseased rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum) in the Hagerman Valle...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Yersinia ruckeri Isolates Recovered from Diseased Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) in Scotland Are More Diverse than Those from Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and Represent Distinct Subpopulations

Ormsby

Caws

Burchmore

et al. 2016

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…Typical sources of infection are from other salmon farms for endemic diseases (Murray, 2006) or from other sectors of aquaculture (i.e. farmed trout) or wild fish reservoirs (Murray et al, 2012). Existence of other sources of infection also reduces the potential consequences of a disease, since infection of a site does not then pose a qualitatively change risks to other sites.…”

Section: Alternative Routes Of Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Bacterial kidney disease, caused by Renibacterium salmoninarum, can cause large but variable losses in farmed salmon (Murray et al, 2012), its introduction therefore could have moderate consequences. The pathogen is however rare in farmed salmon (Murray et al, 2012;Hall et al, 2015) and so frames are unlikely to be infected (VL), unless they do come from a farm with a control order (M).…”

Section: Bacterial Kidney Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Does the use of salmon frames as bait for lobster/crab creel fishing significantly increase the risk of disease in farmed salmon in Scotland?

Murray

2015

Preventive Veterinary Medicine

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Vaccination against Bacterial Kidney Disease

et al. 2014

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Epidemiology of Renibacterium salmoninarum in Scotland and the potential for compartmentalised management of salmon and trout farming areas

Cited by 28 publications

References 31 publications

Yersinia ruckeri Isolates Recovered from Diseased Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) in Scotland Are More Diverse than Those from Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and Represent Distinct Subpopulations

Yersinia ruckeri Isolates Recovered from Diseased Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) in Scotland Are More Diverse than Those from Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and Represent Distinct Subpopulations

Does the use of salmon frames as bait for lobster/crab creel fishing significantly increase the risk of disease in farmed salmon in Scotland?

Vaccination against Bacterial Kidney Disease

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