Epidemiology of Psychopathology in HIV

Wainberg, Milton L.; McKinnon, Karen; Cournos, Francine

doi:10.1002/9781118339503.ch1

Cited by 11 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 315 publications

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“…This means that even moderate cognitive-affective symptoms and severe or moderate somatic symptoms negatively impact on patients’ lives. Our findings confirm the pressing need of routine screening and psychiatric and psychological support in HIV clinics (Ferrando et al, 1998; Wainberg et al, 2014). PHQ-9 scoring procedures provide significant clinical information regarding the severity of depressive symptoms, though they cannot discriminate between different subtypes of depressive symptoms and differential diagnosis between idiopathic depression and HIV-related symptoms.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Subtypes of depressive symptoms and inflammatory biomarkers: An exploratory study on a sample of HIV-positive patients

Pala

Steca

Bagrodia

et al. 2016

Brain, Behavior, and Immunity

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Depressive symptoms cause major impairment and may accelerate HIV progression despite the use of antiretroviral medication. The somatic symptoms criteria for HIV infection and depression partially overlap, which can make differential diagnosis challenging. Because of chronic inflammation caused by HIV infection, HIV-positive patients may develop somatic and affective-cognitive symptoms of depression. Inflammation-related depression is primarily characterized with severe somatic symptoms such as fatigue and sleep disturbance. This study sought to explore the patterns of somatic and cognitive-affective depressive symptoms that characterize HIV-positive patients. Our specific aims were (1) to identify subtypes of depressive symptoms in a sample of HIV-positive patients; and (2) to test the subtypes’ difference on inflammatory and HIV disease progression biomarkers. HIV-positive men and women (N = 102) with and without depressive symptoms were randomly selected from an Italian HIV clinic. Depressive symptoms (PHQ-9), viral load (VL), CD4+, Il-6, TNF-α, and monocytes were assessed. The three subtypes formed using Latent Class Analysis (LCA) identified patients with (1) severe cognitive-affective and somatic depressive symptoms; (2) severe/moderate somatic symptoms; and (3) absent or low depressive symptoms. The subtype with severe/moderate somatic symptoms was characterized with elevated levels of Il-6 and monocytes. No difference on HIV progression biomarkers was found. The subtypes of depressive symptoms might help differentiating depressive symptoms from HIV- and inflammatory-related somatic symptoms. When present, cognitive-affective and/or somatic symptoms cause significant impairment to patients’ lives and thus warrant further assessment and treatment.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Subtypes of depressive symptoms and inflammatory biomarkers: An exploratory study on a sample of HIV-positive patients

Pala

Steca

Bagrodia

et al. 2016

Brain, Behavior, and Immunity

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“…From 1995 to 2015, HIV/AIDS worldwide received approximately US$144 in development assistance per disability adjusted life year, while funding for mental health amounted to less than US$1 per disability adjusted life year (Charlson et al, 2017). In spite of the recognized impact of mental disorders on HIV transmission and treatment outcomes, a significant treatment gap for mental disorders exists worldwide (Wainberg et al, 2014). Data from this study underscore the enormity of mental health and trauma exposure among Vietnamese MSM specifically.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elevated trauma exposure and mental health burden among men who have sex with men in Vietnam

Trang

Jovanović

Hinton

et al. 2022

Transcult Psychiatry

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The purpose of this study was to characterize trauma exposure and mental health burden among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Hanoi, Vietnam. Participants comprise 100 HIV-positive and 98 high-risk, HIV-negative MSM, ranging from 18 to 29 years of age. Data were collected using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, Traumatic Events Inventory, Patient Health Questionnaire-9, Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7, and PTSD Symptom Scale. A subset of participants (n = 12) were also interviewed to evaluate community perception of the prevalence, causation, and available treatment options for mental health issues within the MSM community in Vietnam. In our sample, 23.2% reported having experienced moderate-to-severe childhood physical abuse; 18.7% physical neglect; 13.6% emotional abuse; 11.1% emotional neglect; and 26.8% sexual abuse. Such trauma exposure continued into adulthood and manifested most commonly in the form of interpersonal violence. Approximately 37.4% of the sample met the criteria for probable PTSD; 26.8% for moderate-to-severe depression; and 20.2% for moderate-to-severe anxiety. Neither exposure nor mental health burden differed by serostatus. Linear regression revealed that childhood emotional abuse was the only sub-type of trauma significantly associated with depression, anxiety, and PTSD symptoms. The majority of interviewees believed that mental health burden was higher among MSM relative to the general population and attributed this to their vulnerability to interpersonal violence and lack of available coping resources. However, few believed that these mental health issues warranted clinical attention, and only one participant was able to identify a mental health service provider. Our findings suggest that trauma exposure and mental health burden are prevalent among MSM, irrespective of serostatus, and much higher than what has been previously reported among the general population in Vietnam.

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“…Our results are the first to evaluate the incidence of substance abuse in HIV-infection, comorbid with neuropsychiatric and neurological disease in an urban Washington D.C. population. Whereas much data has been published for Caucasian Americans with HIV, where psychiatric or mental disorders are common co-morbidities amongst those at risk for or infected by HIV [2,14], this unique study focuses on an African-American urban population. Here, we report a high co-morbidity of neuropsychiatric disease and drug use in HIV patients, a specific correlation of certain drug classes with MDD, BD, or SCZ, and a surprising partial protection of CD4 degradation associated with neuropsychiatric disease, and but not other neurological diagnoses, even as CD8 levels maintain their elevated levels.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is the History of Substance Abuse Correlated with Neuropsychiatric Disorders and Co-morbid HIV Infection? An Urban Population Study

Bassey¹,

Chapman²,

Pessu³

et al. 2018

J Neurol Neurosci

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Background Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection remains a serious immunological disease with new infections in the U.S. disproportionately reported in minority populations. For many years, the District of Columbia (DC) has reported the highest HIV infection rate in the nation. Drug abuse and addiction is also prevalent in DC and has traditionally been linked to HIV/AIDS because of the likelihood for opportunistic infections. Despite this data, the relationship between HIV status, drugs of abuse, and the incidence of neurological disorders are scarcely reported for minority populations. Method We carried out a retrospective study on the prevalence of substance abuse in HIV and their association with neuropsychiatric comorbidities in an African American subpopulation in Washington DC. Findings Our data suggests an 86 percent prevalence of drug use in the HIV patients with neuropsychiatric comorbidities, with cocaine use being significantly higher in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BD), whereas PCP use was associated with patients with schizophrenia. The mean CD4 count was elevated in patients with neuropsychiatric disease, and specifically in MDD patients. CD8 counts were elevated as expected for HIV status but were not influenced by disease diagnosis. A majority (2/3) of patients were on HAART therapy, however the records did not account for adherence. Conclusion These data suggest that neuropsychiatric comorbidities are independent of HIV disease progression but are correlated with certain illicit drugs of abuse.

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Epidemiology of Psychopathology in HIV

Cited by 11 publications

References 315 publications

Subtypes of depressive symptoms and inflammatory biomarkers: An exploratory study on a sample of HIV-positive patients

Subtypes of depressive symptoms and inflammatory biomarkers: An exploratory study on a sample of HIV-positive patients

Elevated trauma exposure and mental health burden among men who have sex with men in Vietnam

Is the History of Substance Abuse Correlated with Neuropsychiatric Disorders and Co-morbid HIV Infection? An Urban Population Study

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