Epidemiology of Prostate Cancer

Bashir, Muhammad Naeem

doi:10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.13.5137

Cited by 154 publications

(127 citation statements)

References 37 publications

(40 reference statements)

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“…The relationship between VDR Cdx2 and ApaI polymorphisms, and prostate cancer risk in previous studies is attributed to differences in lifestyle and disease prevalence as well as limited sample size [60–62]. Further, prostate size, cancer stage, and depth of invasion were not considered, in determining the genotypic distribution.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of vitamin D receptor gene Cdx2 and Apa1 polymorphisms in prostate cancer susceptibility: a meta-analysis

Wang

et al. 2016

BMC Cancer

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BackgroundVitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphisms affect the risk of prostate cancer. However, studies investigating the relationship between VDR gene polymorphisms (Cdx2 and ApaI) and prostate cancer risk are equivocal. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis of all the studies to review the evidence available.MethodsA comprehensive search of PubMed, EMBASE, and ISI Web of Science for studies published until September 2015 was conducted. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) were analyzed to determine the association between VDR Cdx2 and ApaI polymorphisms, and prostate cancer risk.ResultsThe meta-analysis included 10 studies involving 4979 cases and 4380 controls to analyze the VDR Cdx2 polymorphism. An additional 11 studies involving 2837 cases and 2884 controls were analyzed for the VDR ApaI polymorphism. Evidence failed to support the role of VDR Cdx2 and ApaI polymorphisms in prostate cancer. For Cdx2, the pooled OR was 1.11 (95 % CI = 0.93–1.33) for AA vs. GG genotypes, 0.97 (95 % CI = 0.88–1.06) for GA vs. AA genotypes, 0.99 (95 % CI = 0.91–1.08) for AA + GA vs. GG, and 1.12 (95 % CI = 0.95–1.31) for AA vs. GA + GG. No significant relationship was observed in any subgroup analysis based on ethnicity, controls, and Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium (HWE). ORs for the ApaI polymorphism were similar.ConclusionsVDR Cdx2 and ApaI polymorphisms are not associated with prostate cancer. Additional evidence is required to confirm this conclusion.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of vitamin D receptor gene Cdx2 and Apa1 polymorphisms in prostate cancer susceptibility: a meta-analysis

Wang

et al. 2016

BMC Cancer

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“…Prostate cancer is the most common malignancy among males worldwide, and is the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality among men in United States (1). Bone metastases occur in ~90% of the patients presenting with advanced prostate cancer, and there is a direct correlation between the burden of metastases and survival (2,3).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

False-positive diagnosis of disease progression by magnetic resonance imaging for response assessment in prostate cancer with bone metastases: A case report and review of the pitfalls of images in the literature

et al. 2015

Oncology Letters

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Abstract. Bone metastases are common in prostate cancer. However, differentiating neoplastic from non-neoplastic alterations of bone on images is challenging. In the present report, a rare case of bone marrow reconversion on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) assessment, which may lead to a false-positive diagnosis of disease progression of bone metastases in hormone-resistant prostate cancer, is presented. Furthermore, a review of the literature regarding the pitfalls of images for response assessment, including the 'flare' pheno menon on bone scintigraphy, computed tomography (CT), positron emission tomography/CT and marrow reconversion on MRI is also provided. These inaccuracies, which may lead to a premature termination of an efficacious treatment, should be carefully considered by the radiologists and oncologists involved in clinical trials. The case reported in the present study showed how to assess the early therapeutic response and select the appropriate treatment for the patient when these pitfalls are encountered on clinical images.

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“…An estimated 1.1 million new cases and 307,000 deaths were reported in 2012. Advancing age, race, positive family history, diet based use of fat items, obesity, physical activity, sexual activity, smoking and occupation are mentioned as the highest risk factors for prostate cancer (10). The selective adrenoceptor (alpha1A) blocker, tamsulosin by the relaxation of smooth muscles, predominate in the prostate gland, prostatic capsule, prosthetic urethra and bladder that could be subsequently associated with an improvement of maximal urine flow (Qmax) and alleviation of urinary tract systems in patients with BPH.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Tamsulosin in Patients with Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia

Ghamari

Mazdak

2016

Jundishapur J Chronic Dis Care

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Context: Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) that disturbs aged males is described as the abundant, chronic progressive disorder usually associated with lower urinary tract symptoms. The alpha 1A-adrenergic receptor antagonist, tamsulosin (Flomax®/Omnic®), seems to be an appropriate management from the view point of urological surgeons. The current review aimed to evaluate the clinical pharmacological properties of tamsulosin in prostate disorders. Evidence Acquisition: United States national library of medicine (PubMed, NLM) were searched from April 1991 to March 2016. The Mesh terms were: tamsulosin, tamsulosin pharmacokinetics in urology, tamsulosin in BPH and clinical pharmacokinetics of tamsulosin in BPH. Published clinical trials and review articles applicable to pharmacotherapy of tamsulosin in BPH were reviewed. Results: In patients with mild international prostate symptom score (< 8) to moderate symptoms of BPH, initial treatment with an alpha 1-adrenergic antagonist monotherapy were useful. With a half-life of 9 -13 hours, the oral bioavailability of drug was reported 100%. The drug is metabolized by liver. Excretion through renal was reported 76%. Initial dose of drug was 0.4 mg/day and the maximum dose was reported 0.8 mg/day. The drug could cause dizziness, sever drowsiness and problems in thinking, driving and many other complications. Other serious adverse reactions could be mentioned as hives, rash, itching, and difficulty in breathing, swelling of face, lips, tongue and throat. Tamsulosin therapy should be stopped in patients who experience hypotension. Conclusions: To treat BPH therapeutically, it is necessary to stabilize severities of the patient's symptoms with potential side effects of the treatment. Tamsulosin blocks alpha 1-receptors in smooth muscles both in the bladder neck and prostate, which leads to relaxation and subsequently less resistance to urinary flow. By advancement of tamsulosin, pharmacotherapy strategies could provide more appropriate guideline treatments; therefore, in Isfahan, Iran, innovative medical treatment for BPH was suggested based on both pharmacological and surgical clinical trials.

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Epidemiology of Prostate Cancer

Cited by 154 publications

References 37 publications

Role of vitamin D receptor gene Cdx2 and Apa1 polymorphisms in prostate cancer susceptibility: a meta-analysis

Role of vitamin D receptor gene Cdx2 and Apa1 polymorphisms in prostate cancer susceptibility: a meta-analysis

False-positive diagnosis of disease progression by magnetic resonance imaging for response assessment in prostate cancer with bone metastases: A case report and review of the pitfalls of images in the literature

A Review on Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Tamsulosin in Patients with Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia

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