Epidemiology of Poliomyelitis in California, 1934

Leake, J. P.; Cedar, E. T.; Dearing, W. Palmer; Gilliam, Alexander G.; Chope, Harold D.

doi:10.2105/ajph.24.12.1204

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…This may have occurred during the past two summers in New York and very probably did in Delaware in 1947, since Melnick isolated monkey-pathogenic strains of poliomyelitis virus from patients in the suburbs of Wilmington (19) while we recovered the new agent from urban patients. One is reminded of the 1934 epidemic of poliomyelitis in Los Angeles (20)(21)(22). It occurred earlier in the summer than is the rule, the number of patients more than 10 years of age was abnormally high, the mortality rate exceptionally low, and there was striking evidence of high communicability.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Virus Recovered From the Feces of "Poliomyelitis" Patients Pathogenic for Suckling Mice

Dalldorf

Sickles

Plager

et al. 1949

Journal of Experimental Medicine

110

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The present report describes the isolation and certain properties of a virus recovered from the feces of children having symptoms similar to those of poliomyelitis. The agent differs from poliomyelitis virus in its host range, being pathogenic for suckling mice and hamsters but not for adult mice or hamsters or for rhesus monkeys. The disease in the experimental animal differs from poliomyelitis in that the anatomical response is in the striated muscles rather than the central nervous system (1).The study was undertaken in 1947 and the original plan was to test fecal suspensions in mice and hamsters from a number of outbreaks. The work was prompted by the report of Milzer and Byrd (2) that autolyzed brain suspension facilitates the isolation of poliomyelitis virus in mice, and by certain unpublished observations of the Battle Hill epidemic of poliomyelitis, which implied that such isolations might be possible. Hamsters were included because of their value in the Battle Hill work (3). After many specimens had been tested without success, it was decided to add an additional group of test animals, suckling mice. This was done because other studies in the Division had suggested that such animals are unusually susceptible, under certain circumstances, to the OT strain of mouse encephalomyelitis virus. Nature of the SpecimensPoliomyelitis was not epidemic in up-state New York in 1947 and only 925 cases were reported to the Department of Health. Thirty (3.2 per cent) of these died. The non-paralytic cases amounted to 42.6 per cent. Twenty per cent of the patients were more than 20 years of age. The disease did not differ significantly in these respects from that in the 2 preceding years or in 1948.The specimens were collected by district state health officers from five small outbreaks in widely separated parts of New York State. One or more fecal and blood samples were received from forty-two individuals, of whom fourteen were patients and twenty-eight were contacts. MetkodsThe blood was mailed to the central laboratory in the usual fashion. The feces were brought directly to us by messenger or shipped in iced containers. When received, the feces 567 on

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Virus Recovered From the Feces of "Poliomyelitis" Patients Pathogenic for Suckling Mice

Dalldorf

Sickles

Plager

et al. 1949

Journal of Experimental Medicine

110

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“…Persistent and unexplained fatigue has been observed as a sequela of acute infection since the first half of the 20th century and the period’s notable outbreaks of infectious disease (e.g., polio epidemics, influenza pandemics). From 1934 to 1984, there were several reports of infectious disease outbreaks simulating poliomyelitis [ 5 , 6 ] though no causal pathogen was isolated from the majority of the cases. Clinical investigation of individuals who did not recover several years after initial infection showed persistent symptoms of fatigue, sleep disturbance and cognitive impairment [ 7 , 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytokine expression profiles of immune imbalance in post-mononucleosis chronic fatigue

et al. 2012

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BackgroundAs Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS) has been known to follow Epstein-Bar virus (EBV) and other systemic infections; our objective was to describe differences in immune activation in post-infective CFS (PI-CFS) patients and recovered controls. We studied 301 adolescents prospectively over 24 months following the diagnosis of monospot-positive infectious mononucleosis (IM). We found an incidence of CFS at 6, 12 and 24 months of 13%, 7% and 4% respectively.MethodsUsing chemiluminescent imaging we measured the concentrations of IL-1a, 1b, 2, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12 (p70), 13, 15, 17 and 23, IFN-γ, TNF-α and TNF-β in duplicate plasma samples available in bio-bank from 9 PI-CFS subjects and 12 recovered controls at 24 months post-infection.ResultsStandard comparative analysis indicated significant differences in IL-8 and 23 across subject groups. In constructing a linear classification model IL-6, 8 and 23 were selected by two different statistical approaches as discriminating features, with IL-1a, IL-2 and IFN-γ also selected in one model or the other. This supported an assignment accuracy of better than 80% at a confidence level of 0.95 into PI-CFS versus recovered controls.ConclusionThese results suggest that co-expression patterns in as few as 5 cytokines associated with Th17 function may hold promise as a tool for the diagnosis of post-infectious CFS.

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“…The monkey inoculated with the specimen from case No. 4 had an elevation of temperature corresponding to that which occurred in the other monkeys, but did not develop paralysis; sections of the cord were reported on June 10 as inconclusive. But all 4 gave positive second passage.…”

Section: Investigationsmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…The 1934 outbreak of southern California showed a remarkably unique incidence among hospital personnel. 4 Yet even in that outbreak, orphan asylums were spared.5 In New York City in July, 1923, an orphan asylum having about 300 infants and young children reported 10 cases of paralytic poliomyelitis. 6 Although the usual number of cases were being reported in the city at the time, later that summer there was evidence of a considerable outbreak.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

An Institutional Outbreak of Poliomyelitis

Silverman¹

1941

Am J Public Health Nations Health

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Epidemiology of Poliomyelitis in California, 1934

Cited by 9 publications

References 0 publications

A Virus Recovered From the Feces of "Poliomyelitis" Patients Pathogenic for Suckling Mice

A Virus Recovered From the Feces of "Poliomyelitis" Patients Pathogenic for Suckling Mice

Cytokine expression profiles of immune imbalance in post-mononucleosis chronic fatigue

An Institutional Outbreak of Poliomyelitis

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