Epidemiology of pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms: a gender perspective

Muscogiuri, Giovanna; Altieri, Barbara; Albertelli, Manuela; Dotto, Andrea; Modica, Roberta; Barrea, Luigi; Fanciulli, Giuseppe; Feola, Tiziana; Baldelli, Roberto; Ruggeri, Rosaria Maddalena; Gallo, Marco; Guarnotta, Valentina; Malandrino, Pasqualino; Venneri, Mary Anna; Giannetta, Elisa; Ferone, Diego; Colao, Annamaria; Faggiano, Antongiulio

doi:10.1007/s12020-020-02331-3

Cited by 32 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Insulinoma usually showed low grade G1 or G2 ( 23 ) and low risk of organ invasion. Interestingly, we found that the higher tumor grade was significantly associated with DM in the female population which was consistent with a recent study ( 24 ). There may be gender differences of PNENs in terms of associated comorbidities ( 24 ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

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Diabetes in Patients With Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Neoplasms

et al. 2020

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ObjectiveDiabetes mellitus (DM) is probably a risk factor for pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (PNENs). However, the prevalence of DM in PNEN patients remains inconclusive. In the present study we observed the prevalence of DM and possible risk factors in PNEN patients.MethodsAfter excluding those with insulinoma, a total of 197 patients with PNENs were included. The demographic data, pathological characteristics, and data of blood biochemical tests were recorded. DM was considered if there was evidence of a fasting plasma glucose level of ≥7.0 mmol/L or a 2-h plasma glucose level of ≥11.1 mmol/L, or a history of DM at the time of PNEN diagnosis. Impaired fasting glucose was considered if fasting plasma glucose level was between 6.1 and 7.0 mmol/L.ResultsThe prevalence of DM, new-onset DM, and impaired fasting glucose were 17.26, 9.14, and 7.1%, respectively. The prevalence of DM was 26.0% in patients ≥60 years old (19/73) and 12.1% in patients <60 years old. Multivariable logistic regression analysis demonstrated that age, tumor size, and nerve invasion were independent risk factors for DM and impaired fasting glucose + DM (p < 0.05). Age, organs and nerve invasion were independent risk factors for impaired fasting glucose. Low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) was also a risk factor for incident of DM (OR = 0.15, 95%CI: 0.03–0.66). G2/G3 was an independent risk factor for DM in women.ConclusionOur data shows that the prevalence of DM is 17.26% in patients with PNENs and is 26.0% in patients ≥60 years of age after excluding insulinoma. Age, nerve invasion, tumor size, and HDL are risk factors for DM in PNEN patients.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Interestingly, we found that the higher tumor grade was significantly associated with DM in the female population which was consistent with a recent study ( 24 ). There may be gender differences of PNENs in terms of associated comorbidities ( 24 ). Our data also supports that G3 PNENs are more common in male patients ( 18 ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Diabetes in Patients With Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Neoplasms

et al. 2020

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“…However, the accuracy and e ciency of the AJCC tumor staging system for patients with PNETs remain doubtful [8]. In recent years, several studies have demonstrated that additional risk factors, including age, sex, race, primary tumor site, and gene mutations, should be included in a novel prognostic indicator system for PNET patients [8,9,10,11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

WITHDRAWN: Survival Nomograms for Patients with Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors: A Population-based Study

Lin

Chen

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Although pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs) are considered indolent tumors, most patients are diagnosed at an advanced stage. We aimed to establish a nomogram for clinical use to predict the survival of PNET patients using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database.Methods: Based on the SEER database, 1,103 patients with PNETs were enrolled and randomly divided into training and validation sets. We performed Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox proportional hazard regression analysis in the training set to evaluate the value of the prognostic factors. A nomogram was then constructed to analyze these independent prognostic factors for predicting the overall survival (OS) and specific cancer survival (CSS). C-index, calibration curve, and decision curve analysis were used to evaluate the predictive accuracy of the nomogram.Results: Age, primary site, TNM stage, grade, and surgery were associated with OS and CSS in the multivariate models. Nomograms were established depending on these risk factors and had a better discrimination power than the TMN stage. The validation techniques showed that the nomograms were able to predict the 3- and 5-year OS and CSS accurately, and also proved to be superior.Conclusions: Nomograms were established depending on these risk factors and had a better discrimination power than the TMN stage. The validation techniques showed that the nomograms were able to predict 3- and 5-year OS and CSS accurately, and also proved to be superior.

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“…In fact, significant sex/gender differences in cancer incidence, progression, and response to therapy have been reported [26][27][28][29][30]. Importantly, differences in the clinical outcome have recently been reported for many types of tumors [30][31][32]. On the other hand, several observations were made with regard to the role of the sex of the patient on the activation of the autophagy pathway [33].…”

Section: Sex Differences In Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

The Sex-Related Interplay between TME and Cancer: On the Critical Role of Estrogen, MicroRNAs and Autophagy

Matarrese

Mattia

Pagano

et al. 2021

Cancers

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The interplay between cancer cells and the tumor microenvironment (TME) has a fundamental role in tumor progression and response to therapy. The plethora of components constituting the TME, such as stroma, fibroblasts, endothelial and immune cells, as well as macromolecules, e.g., hormones and cytokines, and epigenetic factors, such as microRNAs, can modulate the survival or death of cancer cells. Actually, the TME can stimulate the genetically regulated programs that the cell puts in place under stress: apoptosis or, of interest here, autophagy. However, the implication of autophagy in tumor growth appears still undefined. Autophagy mainly represents a cyto-protective mechanism that allows cell survival but, in certain circumstances, also leads to the blocking of cell cycle progression, possibly leading to cell death. Since significant sex/gender differences in the incidence, progression and response to cancer therapy have been widely described in the literature, in this review, we analyzed the roles played by key components of the TME, e.g., estrogen and microRNAs, on autophagy regulation from a sex/gender-based perspective. We focused our attention on four paradigmatic and different forms of cancers—colon cancer, melanoma, lymphoma, and lung cancer—concluding that sex-specific differences may exert a significant impact on TME/cancer interaction and, thus, tumor growth.

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Epidemiology of pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms: a gender perspective

Cited by 32 publications

References 35 publications

Diabetes in Patients With Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Neoplasms

Diabetes in Patients With Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Neoplasms

WITHDRAWN: Survival Nomograms for Patients with Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors: A Population-based Study

The Sex-Related Interplay between TME and Cancer: On the Critical Role of Estrogen, MicroRNAs and Autophagy

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