Epidemiology of Overuse Injuries in Collegiate and High School Athletics in the United States

Roos, Karen G.; Marshall, Stephen W.; Kerr, Zachary Y.; Golightly, Yvonne M.; Kucera, Kristen L.; Myers, Joseph B.; Rosamond, Wayne D.; Comstock, R. Dawn

doi:10.1177/0363546515580790

Cited by 120 publications

(156 citation statements)

References 33 publications

(45 reference statements)

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“…For concussion in the NCAA ISP, this value was expressed as concussion injuries per 10 000 AEs. Previous authors have reported IRs per 10 000 AEs, 10,11 which are easier to interpret than 1000 AEs (ie, 7.85/10 000 AEs versus 0.785/1000 AEs).…”

Section: Injury Ratementioning

confidence: 89%

Sex Differences in Reported Concussion Injury Rates and Time Loss From Participation: An Update of the National Collegiate Athletic Association Injury Surveillance Program From 2004–2005 Through 2008–2009

Covassin

Moran

Elbin

2016

Journal of Athletic Training

205

133

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Epidemiologic studies have identified differences in concussion incidence between the sexes. However, few authors to date have updated injury rates (IRs) and time loss between male and female concussed athletes.Context: To examine sex differences in IRs and time loss in concussed National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) athletes.Objective: Descriptive epidemiologic study.Design: National Collegiate Athletic Association athletics.Setting: A total of 1702 concusssed NCAA athletes, consisting of 903 females and 779 males participating in soccer, basketball, ice hockey, lacrosse, softball, or baseball over a 5-year period from 2004–2005 through 2008–2009.Patients or Other Participants: Using the NCAA Injury Surveillance Program, athletic trainers reported concussions, athlete-exposures (AEs), and time loss across 10 NCAA sports. An IR is the number of injuries in a particular category divided by the number of AEs in that category.Main Outcome Measure(s): During the study period, 1702 concussions were reported during 4 170 427 AEs for an overall total of 5.47 per 10 000 AEs. In sex-comparable sports, females had a 1.4 times higher overall concussion IR than males (IRs = 4.84 and 3.46, respectively), with greater rates in women's baseball/softball, basketball, ice hockey, and soccer than men. Female soccer and basketball players also displayed more time loss after concussion compared with male basketball and soccer players.Results: Female athletes sustained a higher rate of concussion and, in all sports except lacrosse, had greater time loss from concussion than male athletes. Additional research is needed on sex differences in time loss after concussions.Conclusions:

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Section: Injury Ratementioning

confidence: 89%

Sex Differences in Reported Concussion Injury Rates and Time Loss From Participation: An Update of the National Collegiate Athletic Association Injury Surveillance Program From 2004–2005 Through 2008–2009

Covassin

Moran

Elbin

2016

Journal of Athletic Training

205

133

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“…According to some reports, overuse injuries account for 46% to 50% of all athletic injuries. [8][9][10] In high school athletes alone, overuse injuries represented 7.7% of all injuries. 11 Actual injury rates vary by age, sex, and sport.…”

Section: Epidemiology and Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sports Specialization and Intensive Training in Young Athletes

Brenner¹

2016

Pediatrics

283

265

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Sports specialization is becoming the norm in youth sports for a variety of reasons. When sports specialization occurs too early, detrimental effects may occur, both physically and psychologically. If the timing is correct and sports specialization is performed under the correct conditions, the athlete may be successful in reaching specific goals. Young athletes who train intensively, whether specialized or not, can also be at risk of adverse effects on the mind and body. The purpose of this clinical report is to assist pediatricians in counseling their young athlete patients and their parents regarding sports specialization and intensive training. This report supports the American Academy of Pediatrics clinical report “Overuse Injuries, Overtraining, and Burnout in Child and Adolescent Athletes.”

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“…The men's severe injury rate was higher in ice hockey and lacrosse, whereas the women's rate was higher in basketball, cross-country, soccer, and track and field. Past researchers looking at the high school level noted higher rates in girls than in boys, particularly in soccer, 12 but sports such as ice hockey and lacrosse were not examined. In these sports, checking is allowed by the males but not by the females.…”

Section: Sex Differencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…6 Much of the current literature focuses on the adolescent population 6 or pertains to particular sports, injury mechanisms, or diagnoses. [12][13][14][15] Because the literature on severe injuries in collegiate student-athletes is limited, we used data from the NCAA Injury Surveillance Program (NCAA ISP) to describe the epidemiology of severe injury in 25 NCAA sports.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Epidemiology of Severe Injuries Sustained by National Collegiate Athletic Association Student-Athletes, 2009–2010 Through 2014–2015

Kay

Gray

et al. 2017

Journal of Athletic Training

Self Cite

101

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academic years. Main Outcome Measure(s): Injury data from the NCAA Injury Surveillance Program were analyzed. A severe injury (1) occurred during a sanctioned competition or practice, (2) required medical attention by an athletic trainer or physician, and (3) resulted in at least 21 days lost from sport activity or a premature end to the sport season. Injury counts, proportions, rates per 1000 athlete-exposures (AEs), rate ratios (RRs), and injury proportion ratios were reported with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).Results: A total of 3183 severe injuries were reported, for an injury rate of 0.66/1000 AEs. Wrestling had the highest severe injury rate (1.73/1000 AEs), followed by women's gymnastics (1.40/1000 AEs) and football (0.97/1000 AEs). Overall, the severe injury rate was higher in competition than in practice (RR ¼ 4.25, 95% CI ¼ 3.97, 4.56). Most severe injuries were reported during the regular season (69.3%, n ¼ 2206); however, severe injury rates did not differ between the preseason and regular season (RR ¼ 0.98, 95% CI ¼ 0.91, 1.06). Common severely injured body parts were the knee (32.9%, n ¼ 1047), lower leg/ankle/foot (22.5%, n ¼ 715), and head/face/ neck (11.2%, n ¼ 358). Common severe injury diagnoses were sprains (32.9%, n ¼ 1048), strains (16.9%, n ¼ 538), and fractures (14.4%, n ¼ 458). Common severe injury mechanisms were player contact (39.3%, n ¼ 1251), noncontact (25.1%, n ¼ 800), and surface contact (12.0%, n ¼ 383).Conclusions: Severe injuries occurred across many sports and by numerous mechanisms. By identifying these sportspecific patterns, clinicians' efforts can be tailored toward improving injury-prevention strategies and health outcomes.Key Words: injury surveillance, injury rates, injury prevention Key PointsSevere injury rates varied by sport, event type, and sex. As patterns within specific sports are identified, health care providers can develop injury-prevention strategies and promote efforts such as rule changes to improve athlete safety.

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Epidemiology of Overuse Injuries in Collegiate and High School Athletics in the United States

Abstract: Overuse injuries can impose a significant burden on college and high school athletes. Interventions addressing prevention of overuse injury are needed.

Cited by 120 publications

References 33 publications

Sex Differences in Reported Concussion Injury Rates and Time Loss From Participation: An Update of the National Collegiate Athletic Association Injury Surveillance Program From 2004–2005 Through 2008–2009

Sex Differences in Reported Concussion Injury Rates and Time Loss From Participation: An Update of the National Collegiate Athletic Association Injury Surveillance Program From 2004–2005 Through 2008–2009

Sports Specialization and Intensive Training in Young Athletes

The Epidemiology of Severe Injuries Sustained by National Collegiate Athletic Association Student-Athletes, 2009–2010 Through 2014–2015

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