Epidemiology of ovarian cancer

Abstract

Worldwide, ovarian cancer (OC) is the seventh most common type of malignant neoplasm in women and the eighth cause of mortality in them. The classification of OC is made by the possible origin of one of the three main components of the ovary: epithelium, stroma, and germinal cells. Due to this the main malignant tumors arising from the ovary are epithelial carcinoma, germ cell tumor, sex cord-stromal tumor, and Krukenberg's tumor. The most common are the epithelial carcinomas, in which the most prevalent is serous ovarian carcinoma. Nevertheless, the subtype of OC varies according to the age of appearance. The global incidence of OC has been stable during the last decades, but, it's still a disease that has contributed to a considerable number of deaths around the world. The epidemiology of this cancer shows differences between races and countries due to several factors including genetic and economic. The detection of this cancer has been problematic as there is no screening public program for its early detection and as a consequence, most OCs are detected in an advanced stage where most of the time it has already spread to other parts different from the ovary. The purpose of this article is to present a comprehensive review of the general epidemiology, incidence rates, prevalence rates, mortality, and survival of the different types of OC worldwide and in certain regions.

Kinetics of HE4 and CA125 as prognosis biomarkers during neoadjuvant chemotherapy in advanced epithelial ovarian cancer

“…Within the study, 198 patients with ovarian cancer were evaluated, of which 153 (77.2%) presented advanced stage disease at the time of diagnosis (including epithelial and nonepithelial tumors), which is in line with what is reported in the international literature, where it has been indicated that more than 65% of patients are diagnosed in advanced stages (1). The average age of presentation of the 53 patients included was 57.8 years (SD ± 10.3 years), lower than that reported globally, being 62 years (1,42). This early presentation has been reported in other neoplastic diseases within the Mexican population, highlighting colorectal and prostate cancer.…”

“…Ovarian cancer (OC) is the second most common gynecological neoplasm, behind endometrial cancer, and is the most lethal gynecological cancer, being the eighth leading cause of cancer death in women (1).…”

Gynecological malignancies at tertiary care hospital, Pakistan: A five-year review

“…Various risk factors for ovarian cancer are reported like nulliparity, endometriosis, obesity, treatment of infertility with ovulation induction drugs, oral contraceptives and smoking. 15,16 Early age of menarche 12.5±1.64 was significantly associated with ovarian cancer while significantly more women presented after menopause in patients with ovarian and endometrial cancer. Menopausal women should be considered a high risk group regarding gynecological malignancy as is shown by our study.…”

“…[9][10][11][12][13] Hypertension and diabetes was significantly associated with ovarian cancer in our study although it is not reported as a risk factor in other studies. 15,16 Diabetes is rampant in South Asia; more studies are needed to confirm diabetes as a risk factor for ovarian malignancy. Increased body mass index(BMI), nulliparity and use of HRT are identified as strong risk factors for uterine cancer.…”

Identification of BRCA1:c.5470_5477del as a Founder Mutation in Chinese Ovarian Cancer Patients

“…Ovarian cancer (OC) is the seventh commonest cancer in women, with a global morbidity and mortality rate of 6.6 and 3.9 per 100,000 population respectively, and the incidence has been increasing moderately over the last decade ( 1 , 2 ). OC usually doesn’t cause noticeable symptoms and there’s no effective screening method; therefore, many patients are not diagnosed until the late stage of the disease, resulting in a relatively high mortality rate ( 3 , 4 ).…”