Epidemiology of Otitis Media During the First Seven Years of Life in Children in Greater Boston: A Prospective, Cohort Study

Teele, David W.; Klein, Jerome O.; Rosner, Bernard

doi:10.1093/infdis/160.1.83

Cited by 1,321 publications

(876 citation statements)

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“…studies published recently. 3,6,7 These studies indicate a beneficial effect of breastfeeding (even for short durations) on reducing AOM episodes in infancy. Day care outside the home was an important risk factor in our study and has been reported to be a significant risk factor for AOM in larger cohorts described in metaanalytic reports.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

“…2 In Greater Boston, among 877 children still being followed at 1 year of age, breastfeeding was found to be significantly protective for one or more episodes (odds ratio ϭ 0.64; 95% confidence interval [CI]: .44-.91). 3 In another large cohort of 2130 children still being followed at 2 years, breastfeeding for Ͻ3 months was associated with a 20% to 60% elevated risk of AOM and OME. 4 A metaanalysis of recent follow-up studies concluded that breastfeeding even for 3 months was protective in decreasing the risk of OM.…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

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Exclusive Breastfeeding Protects Against Bacterial Colonization and Day Care Exposure to Otitis Media

et al. 1997

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ABSTRACT. Objective. We followed a cohort (N ‫؍‬ 306) of infants at well-baby visits in two suburban pediatric practices to assess the relation of exclusive breastfeeding, and other environmental exposures, to episodes of acute otitis media (AOM) and otitis media with effusion (OME).Methods. Detailed prospective information about the exclusiveness of breastfeeding, parental smoking, day care attendance, and family history was obtained at scheduled clinic visits. Tympanometric and otoscopic examinations were used in the diagnosis of otitis media (OM). Nasopharyngeal cultures were performed at 1-6 months, and at 8, 10, 12, 15, 18, and 24 months of age to detect colonization with middle-ear pathogens.Results. Between 6 and 12 months of age, cumulative incidence of first OM episodes increased from 25% to 51% in infants exclusively breastfed and from 54% to 76% in infants formula-fed from birth. Peak incidence of AOM and OME episodes was inversely related to rates of breastfeeding beyond 3 months of age. A twofold elevated risk of first episodes of AOM or OME was observed in exclusively formula-fed infants compared with infants exclusively breast-fed for 6 months. In the logistic regression analysis, formula-feeding was the most significant predictor of AOM and OME episodes, although age at colonization with middle-ear pathogens and day care (outside the home) were significant competing risk factors. A hazard health model suggested additionally that breastfeeding, even for short durations (3 months), reduced onset of OM episodes in infancy.Conclusions. Modifiable factors in the onset of AOM and OME episodes during the first 2 years of life include early age at colonization (<3 months of age), day care outside the home, and not being breastfed. Pediatrics 1997;100(4). URL: http://www.pediatrics.org/cgi/content/ full/100/4/e7; acute otitis media; otitis media with effusion; nasopharyngeal colonization; breastfeeding; day care; proportional hazards.ABBREVIATIONS. AOM, acute otitis media; OME, otitis media with effusion; OM, otitis media; CI, confidence interval; RR, relative risk.D espite general agreement that breastfeeding moderates gastrointestinal and respiratory infections in childhood, many questions underlying the beneficial effects of breast milk in preventing acute otitis media (AOM) and otitis media with effusion (OME) remain unanswered. Design issues and sample size variation account for much of the variability reported. Summarized in Table 1, recent studies in well-defined cohorts have yielded equivocal results. Among 5356 infants in Turku, Finland, followed for 1 year, those with breastfeeding durations of Ͻ9 months were associated with a 30% to 50% elevated risk of developing otitis media (OM). 1 A cohort of 1661 infants born in Dunedin, New Zealand, were assessed at 3 years of age; after adjustment for number of siblings, type of day care, and passive smoking, duration of breastfeeding was associated with reduced prevalence of OM disease, but the difference was not significant. 2 In Greater Boston, among ...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

mentioning

confidence: 98%

Exclusive Breastfeeding Protects Against Bacterial Colonization and Day Care Exposure to Otitis Media

et al. 1997

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“…O.M. is more common among males than among females (Casselbrant et al, 1985;Teele et al, 1989 The pathology of sensorineural hearing loss resulting from otitis media was assessed by Paparella et al (1972), Goycoolea et al (1980) and walby et al (1983). The round window membrane was a site of pathological involvement, especially in C.S.O.M.…”

Section: Type Of Hearing Lossmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hearing loss in rural population : the etiology

Bansal¹,

Raj

1998

IJO & HNS

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“…OM (Otitis Media, middle ear infection) is amongst the most common of childhood infections—83% of children have at least one episode by 3 years old and 46% have multiple episodes (Teele, Klein, & Rosner, 1989). Acute cases can result in accumulation of fluid in the middle ear (OM with Effusion), causing temporary mild‐moderate hearing loss (Winskel, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, Teele et al. (1989) found that OM in the first 3 years of life correlated with impairments in grammatical morphology at age 7. However, Luotonen et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Not all phonological awareness deficits are created equal: evidence from a comparison between children with Otitis Media and poor readers

Carroll

Breadmore

2017

Developmental Science

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Children with reading difficulties and children with a history of repeated ear infections (Otitis Media, OM) are both thought to have phonological impairments, but for quite different reasons. This paper examines the profile of phonological and morphological awareness in poor readers and children with OM. Thirty‐three poor readers were compared to individually matched chronological age and reading age controls. Their phonological awareness and morphological awareness skills were consistently at the level of reading age matched controls. Unexpectedly, a significant minority (25%) of the poor readers had some degree of undiagnosed mild or very mild hearing loss. Twenty‐nine children with a history of OM and their matched controls completed the same battery of tasks. They showed relatively small delays in their literacy and showed no impairment in morphological awareness but had phonological awareness scores below the level of reading age matched controls. Further analysis suggested that this weakness in phonological awareness was carried by a specific weakness in segmenting and blending phonemes, with relatively good performance on phoneme manipulation tasks. Results suggest that children with OM show a circumscribed deficit in phoneme segmentation and blending, while poor readers show a broader metalinguistic impairment which is more closely associated with reading difficulties.

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Epidemiology of Otitis Media During the First Seven Years of Life in Children in Greater Boston: A Prospective, Cohort Study

Cited by 1,321 publications

References 26 publications

Exclusive Breastfeeding Protects Against Bacterial Colonization and Day Care Exposure to Otitis Media

Exclusive Breastfeeding Protects Against Bacterial Colonization and Day Care Exposure to Otitis Media

Hearing loss in rural population : the etiology

Not all phonological awareness deficits are created equal: evidence from a comparison between children with Otitis Media and poor readers

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