Epidemiology of ocular disorders presumed to be inherited in three small Italian dog breeds in Italy

Guandalini, Adolfo; Girolamo, Nicola Di; Corvi, Roberta; Santillo, Daniele; Andreani, Valentina; Pinzo, Barbara

doi:10.1111/vop.12542

Cited by 9 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Some of the ocular diseases diagnosed in this study are presumably inherited, especially, considering that all dogs were purebred (Barnett, 1978;Kraijer-Huver et al, 2008;ACVO, 2015). Cataracts were seen in 21% of dogs, similar to some previous surveys (14.7% to 31.4%) (Donzel et al, 2016;Guandalini et al, 2017), although more than three times higher than other investigations looking at specific breeds (Curtis and Barnett, 1989;Gelatt and Mackay, 2005;Kraijer-Huver et al, 2008;Urfer et al, 2011). Cataracts can be heritable in purebred, which may be a reason for the high prevalence found in the present study.…”

Section: Breed # Of Dogs Re (M ± Ir) Re (R)supporting

confidence: 88%

The ophthalmic health and refractive state of working dogs in South Brazil

Oliveira¹,

Bortolini²,

Schaller³

et al. 2020

Open Vet J.

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Background: Working dogs, such as police dogs and guide dogs, have important roles in the contemporary society by performing specific and demanding jobs. Ocular health and the maintenance of good visual acuity are imperative to strong work performance and thus human safety. Aim: The aim of this study was to assess ophthalmic abnormalities and refractive errors in police and guide dogs in Brazil. Methods: A total of 71 dogs (141 eyes) were evaluated. Ten were guide dogs and 61 were police dogs. The work performance was assessed by a questionnaire to each dog’s handler/owner. All the dogs underwent a complete ocular examination, and abnormalities were classified by condition, if they were active or inactive and if they were located within the visual axis. In addition, 62 dogs were evaluated by streak retinoscopy for refractive errors. Results: Ophthalmic abnormalities were detected in 38 (54%) dogs, of which 23 were considered inherited, 25 were considered active, and 10 were located within the visual axis. Incipient cataracts were the most prevalent abnormality. No guide dog had an abnormality within the visual axis. The most common refractive error was myopia with the median and interquartile range of −0.75 ± 0.75 diopters; among these, police dogs had −1.0 ± 0.5 diopters, whereas guide dogs +0.38 ± 0.75 diopters. Police dogs tended to be slightly myopic and guide dogs were emmetropic. Conclusion: Despite finding a considerable number of ophthalmic abnormalities and refractive error, work performance was good with no signs of visual impairment in any dog. Regular ophthalmic examinations are advised for working dogs, and an exclusion of severely affected dogs from breeding programs is recommended. Keywords: Cataract, Emmetropia, Guide dogs, Myopia, Police dogs.

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Section: Breed # Of Dogs Re (M ± Ir) Re (R)supporting

confidence: 88%

The ophthalmic health and refractive state of working dogs in South Brazil

Oliveira¹,

Bortolini²,

Schaller³

et al. 2020

Open Vet J.

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“…Guandalini et al published the prevalence of KP-HED in six other Italian purebred dogs within a referral population with a maximal and a minimal prevalence of 92.1% and 35.4%, respectively. 20,21 Eye opacification and vision impairment were the main reasons to perform an ophthalmic examination in the present study, which is likely associated with the most prevalent KP-HEDs in this breed, cataract (31.82%) and corneal endothelial dystrophy (19.32%). Both hereditary diseases are listed in the current ACVO and ECVO manuals as disorders for which there is an unequivocal recommendation against breeding, regardless of breed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

“…18,19 Previous studies had evaluated the prevalence of KP-HED in some specific breeds. [20][21][22][23][24] Unfortunately, limited information is published about KP-HED in Lagotto Romagnolo. The present study is the first report concerning the epidemiological status of KP-HED in this ancient dog breed in Italy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A multicenter retrospective evaluation of the prevalence of known and presumed hereditary eye diseases in Lagotto Romagnolo dog breed within a referral population in Italy (2012–2020)

Crasta¹,

Arteaga²,

Barachetti

et al. 2022

Veterinary Ophthalmology

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Objective To describe the ophthalmological findings of Lagotto Romagnolo dog breed and to report the prevalence of Known and Presumed Hereditary Eye Diseases (KP‐HED). Animals Studied Two hundred sixteen dogs were examined and included in this retrospective study. Procedures Medical records of Lagotto Romagnolo dogs between 2012 and 2020 were included. Data about the ocular status were collected through ocular screening examinations (OSE) or clinical ophthalmic examinations (COE). The prevalence of each KP‐HED was expressed as a function of the total number of the KP‐HED in this referral population. Results A total of 85 dogs (39.35%) were ophthalmologically healthy, ocular diseases presumably not hereditary were found in 43 dogs (19.91%), and 88 dogs (40.74%) were affected by one KP‐HED. The most common KP‐HEDs diagnosed were cataract (28/88; 31.82%), corneal endothelial dystrophy (17/88; 19.32%), retinal dysplasia (9/88; 10.23%), lens instability (7/88; 7.95%), progressive retinal atrophy (6/88, 6.82%), and keratoconjunctivitis sicca (6/88, 6.82%). Most of dogs with a KP‐HED (77.27%, 68/88) were identified within COE group. Conclusions To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of the prevalence of ocular disease in the Lagotto Romagnolo dog breed within a referral population in Italy. This study suggests a relatively high prevalence of KP‐HED, with a characteristic late‐onset presentation in some diseases. Many of these KP‐HED's, lead to ocular pain and irreversible blindness, for this reason, the authors highlight the importance of aiming for an early diagnosis. Breeder's efforts and breeding programs should be directed at limiting such disorders.

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“…High-quality mucin layer is also essential to maintain stability of the tear film and KCS may have a detrimental effect on this layer due to inflammatory infiltration in the mucin-producing glands. 9,13,14 KCS has a noteworthy prevalence 15,16 in the canine population and is a significant disease in dogs due to its impact on quality of life, ie, discomfort from chronic inflammation of the ocular surface. 8,18,19 It is also important as a spontaneous animal model for similar diseases in man.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative efficacy of topical oclacitinib 0.1% and tacrolimus 0.01% in canine keratoconjunctivitis sicca

Oliveira

Williams

Bollmann

et al. 2019

Veterinary Ophthalmology

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Objective To assess the efficacy of 0.1% oclacitinib as a single agent, and in combination with tacrolimus 0.01%, for the control of ophthalmic signs of keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS) in dogs. Animals studied Thirty‐two dogs (57 eyes) diagnosed with idiopathic KCS were included. Inclusion criteria were Schirmer Tear Test 1 (STT‐1) values <15 mm/min and concurrent clinical signs such as ocular hyperemia and discharge. Procedures The animals were submitted to a randomized, open‐label, 5‐week study and divided into 3 treatment groups treated with the following ophthalmic solutions: (a) 0.1% oclacitinib, (b) 0.1% oclacitinib +0.01% tacrolimus, and (c) 0.01% tacrolimus. Eye drops were instilled twice daily (12‐hour intervals). At each follow‐up examination, STT‐1, clinical signs, and potential drug side effects were assessed. Results Oclacitinib did not significantly improve STT‐1 values or clinical scores. Tacrolimus alone and in combination with oclacitinib increased mean STT‐1 values by 11.84 ± 5.2 and 12.46 ± 5.3 mm/min, respectively (P = 0.0001). Clinical scores of ocular discharge and hyperemia also improved significantly in both groups receiving treatment with tacrolimus (P < 0.05). However, addition of oclacitinib to tacrolimus provided no additional improvement over tacrolimus alone. Conclusions Topical 0.1% oclacitinib twice daily is not effective in controlling the ocular signs of KCS in dogs. 0.01% tacrolimus increased STT‐1 values significantly and could potentially be used as a treatment for mild‐to‐moderate cases of KCS. Synergism between drugs did not occur, and therefore the use of oclacitinib is not justified in cases of canine KCS.

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Epidemiology of ocular disorders presumed to be inherited in three small Italian dog breeds in Italy

Abstract: Clinicians should be aware of KP-HED that commonly affect three small Italian dog breeds. Breed standards should be reconsidered, and breeding programs should be directed at limiting such disorders.

Cited by 9 publications

References 16 publications

The ophthalmic health and refractive state of working dogs in South Brazil

The ophthalmic health and refractive state of working dogs in South Brazil

A multicenter retrospective evaluation of the prevalence of known and presumed hereditary eye diseases in Lagotto Romagnolo dog breed within a referral population in Italy (2012–2020)

Comparative efficacy of topical oclacitinib 0.1% and tacrolimus 0.01% in canine keratoconjunctivitis sicca

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