“…However, spatial clustering of specific congenital heart defects at a local or state level has also been reported (Wilson et al, 1993;Cronk et al, 2004;Loffredo, 2006, 2003;Batra et al, 2007;Langlois et al, 2009;Long et al, 2010). In the United States, several authors have attempted to describe the geographic distribution of heart defects (Ferencz et al, 1985;Wilson et al, 1993;Batra et al, 2007;Reller et al, 2008;Carmichael et al, 2009;Long et al, 2010). In addition to informing research related to environmental risk factors for CHD, detailed descriptions of the geographic distribution of cases of complex CHD in a region or state can also have an impact on health care delivery and access to care (Moore and Carpenter, 1999;Delamater et al, 2012;Fixler et al, 2012;Husain et al, 2014).…”