Epidemiology of non-vaccine serotypes of
            <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i>
            before and after universal administration of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines

Du, Qianqian; Shi, Wei; Yu, Dan; Yao, Kaihu

doi:10.1080/21645515.2021.1985353

Cited by 19 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 97 publications

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“… 6–8 However, serotype replacement in pneumococcal carriage and disease remains a concern. 9 , 10 Furthermore, the reductions in non-bacteremic pneumococcal CAP are limited in adults. Even with longstanding pediatric PCV programs, evidence from several countries suggests that there is persistent vaccine-serotype pneumococcal CAP.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pneumococcal serotypes in adults hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia in Greece using urinary antigen detection tests: the EGNATIA study, November 2017 – April 2019

Liapikou

Konstantinidis

Kossyvaki³

et al. 2022

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics

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Greece introduced a 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) into the infant national immunization program in 2010 (3 + 1 schedule until June 2019). Since 2015, PCV13 has been recommended for adults aged 19–64 years with comorbidities and adults ≥65 years sequentially with 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23). We examined pneumococcal serotype distribution among Greek adults aged ≥19 years hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) during November 2017-April 2019. This was an interim analysis of EGNATIA, a prospective study of adult hospitalized CAP in the cities of Ioannina and Kavala. Pneumococcus was identified using cultures, BinaxNow®, serotype-specific urinary antigen detection assays (UAD-1/2). Our analysis included overall 482 hospitalized CAP patients (mean age: 70.5 years; 56.4% male). 53.53% of patients belonged to the highest pneumonia severity index (PSI) classes (IV-V). Pneumococcus was detected in 65 (13.5%) patients, with more than half (57%) of cases detected only by UAD. Approximately two-thirds of pneumococcal CAP occurred in those aged ≥65 years (n = 40, 8.3% of CAP). More than half of pneumococcal CAP (n = 35, 53.8%) was caused by PCV13 serotypes. Most frequently detected PCV13 serotypes were 3, 19A, 23F, collectively accounting for 83% of PCV13 vaccine-type (VT) CAP and 6% of all-cause CAP. Overall, 82.9% of PCV13 VT CAP occurred among persons with an indication (age/risk-based) for PCV13 vaccination. Even with a mature PCV13 childhood immunization program, a persistent burden of PCV13 VT CAP exists in Greek adults. Strategies to increase PCV13 (and higher-valency PCVs, when licensed) coverage in adults should be implemented to reduce the disease burden.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pneumococcal serotypes in adults hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia in Greece using urinary antigen detection tests: the EGNATIA study, November 2017 – April 2019

Liapikou

Konstantinidis

Kossyvaki³

et al. 2022

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics

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“…Estimating the economic burden of PD is important when considering the development and introduction of novel higher-valent vaccines to reduce residual disease burden. The increased prevalence and pathogenicity of non-vaccine serotypes, and persistence of certain vaccine serotypes (primarily serotypes 3 and 19A [ 23 ]), pose new challenges to the reduction in the burden of PD [ 63 ]. A recent study conducted by Hanquet G., et al (2022) using surveillance data from 13 SpIDnet sites from 10 European countries [ 64 ], estimated the overall effect of the childhood PCV10/PCV13 program by comparing IPD incidence before and after vaccine introduction.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Healthcare resource utilisation and cost of pneumococcal disease from 2003 to 2019 in children ≤17 years in England

et al. 2023

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Objective To estimate healthcare resource utilisation (HCRU) and costs associated with pneumococcal disease (PD) in children aged ≤17 years in England from 2003–2019. Methods A retrospective study in children aged ≤17 years was conducted using the Clinical Practice Research Datalink Gold primary care database and Hospital Episodes Statistics Admitted Patient Care database from 2003–2019. Episodes of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) were identified in hospital, pneumococcal pneumonia (PP) and all-cause pneumonia (ACP) episodes in primary care and in hospital, and acute otitis media (AOM) episodes in primary care. General practitioner (GP) visits and inpatient admission yearly rates were calculated per 1,000 persons. The average inpatient and primary care cost per episode were calculated. The Mann-Kendall test was used to assess monotonic time trends. Results 1,500,686 children were followed from 2003–2019. The highest average inpatient cost per episode [£34,255 (95%CI 27,222–41,288)] was in IPD, followed by ACP [£3,549 (95%CI 3,405–3,693)] and PP [£1,498 (95%CI 1,153–1,843)]. The highest primary care costs per episode were in AOM [£48.7 (95%CI 48.7–48.7)], followed by PP [£38.4 (95%CI 37.0–39.7)] and ACP [£28.6 (95%CI 28.2–29.1)]. The highest inpatient admission and GP visits yearly rates were observed in children aged <2 years. Across years, a significant decrease in GP visits yearly rates was observed for PP, ACP and AOM in children overall (p-value<0.001). A decrease in primary care costs was observed for ACP (p-value<0.001). There was an increasing trend in AOM primary care costs (p-value<0.001). No significant trends were observed in inpatient admission yearly rates in PP, ACP or IPD and inpatient costs per episode in PP, ACP and IPD. Conclusion From 2003–2019, primary care HCRU and costs decreased (except for PP cost), but no trends in inpatient HCRU and costs were observed. The economic burden of pneumonia, IPD and AOM remains substantial in children aged ≤17 years in England.

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“…Despite the development of pneumococcal vaccines, pneumococcal infection remains rampant worldwide due to serotype switching and changes by PCV pressure [ 28 ]. The need for a new strategy to control infection is mostly due to the emergence of antimicrobial-resistant and/or non-vaccine serotypes [ 29 , 30 ]. In this study, we investigated the anti-microbial effect of SCFAs on numerous pneumococcal serotypes to suggest new therapeutic strategies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serotype-Dependent Inhibition of Streptococcus pneumoniae Growth by Short-Chain Fatty Acids

Lim,

Lee,

Jeong

et al. 2023

J. Microbiol. Biotechnol.

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Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) is an opportunistic pathogen that can cause severe infectious diseases such as pneumonia, meningitis, and otitis media. Despite the availability of antibiotics and pneumococcal vaccines against some invasive serotypes, pneumococcal infection remains a tremendous clinical challenge due to the increasing frequency of infection by antimicrobial resistant, nonencapsulated, and/or non-vaccine serotype strains. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which are produced at various mucosal sites in the body, have potent antimicrobial activity, including inhibition of pathogen growth and/or bacterial biofilm formation. In this study, we investigated the antimicrobial activity of SCFAs (acetate, propionate, and butyrate) against various serotypes pneumococci. Propionate generally inhibited the growth of S. pneumoniae serotypes included in the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) 13, except for serotypes 3 and 7F, though butyrate and acetate showed no or low inhibition, depending on the serotypes. Of note, butyrate showed strong inhibition against serotype 3, the most prevalent invasive strain since the introduction of the PCV. No SCFAs showed inhibitory effects against serotype 7F. Remarkably, the nonencapsulated pneumococcal strain had more sensitivity to SCFAs than encapsulated parental strains. Taken together, these results suggest that propionate showing the most potent inhibition of pneumococcal growth may be used as an alternative treatment for pneumococcal infection, and that butyrate could be used against serotype 3, which is becoming a serious threat.

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Epidemiology of non-vaccine serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae before and after universal administration of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines

Cited by 19 publications

References 97 publications

Pneumococcal serotypes in adults hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia in Greece using urinary antigen detection tests: the EGNATIA study, November 2017 – April 2019

Pneumococcal serotypes in adults hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia in Greece using urinary antigen detection tests: the EGNATIA study, November 2017 – April 2019

Healthcare resource utilisation and cost of pneumococcal disease from 2003 to 2019 in children ≤17 years in England

Serotype-Dependent Inhibition of Streptococcus pneumoniae Growth by Short-Chain Fatty Acids

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