Epidemiology of New Cases of Hiv-1 Infection in Children Referred to the Metropolitan Pediatric Hospital in Washington, Dc

Abstract

Between 2000 and 2005, 84 HIV-infected children were referred to Children's National Medical Center; 28 were born to immigrant mothers, 89% of whom were of African descent. Rates of antiretroviral prophylaxis were low regardless of maternal origin. Nonimmigrant mothers (30.4%) used illicit drugs (P < 0.001), and 50% of immigrant mothers breast-fed their children (P < 0.001). These data can guide intervention strategies.

Risk of Perinatal HIV Infection in Infants Born in Italy to Immigrant Mothers

“…Considering data from all the 1478 children with perinatal HIV infection and enrolled in the Italian Register for HIV Infection in Children from 1985, followed up or not since birth, the proportion of HIV-infected children born to immigrant mothers significantly increased over time from 132 (9.9%) of 1328 before 2000 to 79 (54.5%) of 159 during or after 2000 (P , .0001). This is consistent with similar findings reported in US [6], French [1], Spanish [2], UK, and Irish [3] pediatric cohorts. However, in our dataset, 115 (54.4%) of 211 infected children born to an immigrant mother were born in Italy, in contrast to what has been observed in other countries, such as the United Kingdom, where the large majority of these children were born abroad [3].…”

Preventing and Managing HIV Infection in Infants, Children, and Adolescents in the United States

“…(18) Some of these children have come to the United States with their mothers or families, whereas others have been adopted. HIV antibody testing should be offered to foreign-born children (particularly from settings of moderate or high HIV prevalence) to evaluate for infection (in those age ≥18 months) or for perinatal exposure (in those age <18 months); those younger than 18 months who are HIV antibody positive will require additional HIV virologic testing, as for HIV-exposed newborns, to assess whether they are HIV infected (see the HIV Testing in Infants, Children, and Adolescents section).…”

Pneumocystis jiroveci Pneumonia in an Infant With Severe Folate Deficiency

“…6,7 Washington, DC still suffers from a higher incidence of HIV infection than several African countries, including Ethiopia, Nigeria, and Rwanda. 8 9 Children born to mothers of African origin constituted the largest proportion of new HIV cases in DC. In all, 25 mothers (29.7%) were from African countries, with only 3 (3.6%) from Latin-American countries.…”