Epidemiology of Neuroinvasive Arboviral Disease in the United States, 1999–2007

Reimann, Carolyn A.; Hayes, Edward B.; DiGuiseppi, Carolyn; Hoffman, Richard M.; Lehman, Jennifer; Lindsey, Nicole P.; Campbell, Grant L.; Fischer, Marc

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.2008.79.974

Cited by 123 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 15 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Since its introduction into the United States in 1999, WNV has become the leading cause of neuroinvasive arboviral disease and is responsible for focal seasonal outbreaks. [1][2][3] Approximately 80% of human WNV infections are asymptomatic. 4 Most symptomatic persons develop an acute undifferentiated febrile illness [5][6][7] ; 1% of infected persons develop WNV neuroinvasive disease (e.g., meningitis, encephalitis, or acute flaccid paralysis), which has a case fatality rate of~10%.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modifiable Risk Factors for West Nile Virus Infection during an Outbreak—Arizona, 2010

Gibney¹,

Colborn²,

Baty³

et al. 2012

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. West Nile virus (WNV) is the leading cause of mosquito-borne disease in the United States; however, risk factors for infection are poorly defined. We performed a case-control study to identify modifiable risk factors for WNV infection. Case-patients (N = 49) had laboratory evidence of recent WNV infection, whereas control-subjects (N = 74) had negative WNV serology. We interviewed participants, surveyed households, and assessed environmental data. WNV infection was associated with living in or near Water District X within Gilbert Township (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 5.2; 95% confidence interval [95% CI] = 1.5-18.1), having water-holding containers in their yard (aOR 5.0; 95% CI = 1.5-17.3), and not working or attending school outside the home (aOR 2.4; 95% CI = 1.1-5.5). During this outbreak, WNV infection was likely primarily acquired peri-domestically with increased risk associated with potential mosquito larval habitats around the home and neighborhood.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modifiable Risk Factors for West Nile Virus Infection during an Outbreak—Arizona, 2010

Gibney¹,

Colborn²,

Baty³

et al. 2012

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…[1][2][3][4] The risk of WNV neuroinvasive disease increases with age and is highest among older adults. 1,3,[5][6][7] Among patients with neuroinvasive disease, patients aged 50 years have substantially higher case fatality rates and are more likely to be reported as cases of encephalitis compared with younger patients.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Medical Risk Factors for Severe West Nile Virus Disease, United States, 2008–2010

Lindsey¹,

Staples²,

Lehman³

et al. 2012

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. We conducted enhanced surveillance to identify medical risk factors for severe illness (i.e., hospitalization or death) and neuroinvasive disease (i.e., encephalitis or meningitis) among all West Nile virus disease cases reported from selected states from 2008 to 2010. Of the 1,090 case-patients included in the analysis, 708 (65%) case-patients were hospitalized, 641 (59%) case-patients had neuroinvasive disease, and 55 (5%) case-patients died. Chronic renal disease (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 4.1; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.4-12.1), history of cancer (aOR = 3.7; 95% CI = 1.8-7.5), history of alcohol abuse (aOR = 3.0; 95% CI = 1.3-6.7), diabetes (aOR = 2.2; 95% CI = 1.4-3.4), and hypertension (aOR = 1.5; 95% CI = 1.1-2.1) were independently associated with severe illness on multivariable analysis. Although the same medical conditions were independently associated with encephalitis, only hypertension was associated with meningitis. The only condition independently associated with death was immune suppression. Prevention messages should be targeted to persons with these conditions.

show abstract

“…9,10 In 2014, cases of chikungunya virus in travelers to the Caribbean began being reported in the United States, again bringing arboviral diseases into the forefront in media reports and public attention nationwide. This study of provider behaviors was administered during this latest season of heightened awareness of arboviral disease.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Challenges to Arboviral Surveillance in Tennessee: Health-Care Providers' Attitudes and Behaviors

Shaffner

Jones

Moncayo

2016

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. Surveillance of arboviruses depends on health-care providers' ability to diagnose and report human cases of disease. The purposes of this study were to assess Tennessee providers' 1) self-efficacy toward diagnosis and management, 2) clinical practices, and 3) variation in these measures by provider characteristics. A survey was e-mailed to 13,851 providers, of which 916 (7%) responded. Respondents diagnosed more arboviruses in the previous year than were recorded in surveillance records, an indication of underreporting. Respondents had low to moderate self-efficacy toward diagnosis and management of arboviruses. Although more than 70% (N = 589) used paired serology, only 46% (N = 396) asked patients to return for a convalescent specimen draw within the correct time frame. One of the most commonly reported barriers to testing was uncertainty about which tests to order. Providers working in family medicine and urgent care, nurse practitioners, and those at outpatient facilities had lower rates of high self-efficacy than their counterparts working in other settings and from other specialties. Clinical practices were influenced by specialty, designation, setting, and geography but not by years of experience. Education to improve arboviral surveillance in Tennessee is warranted. Topics could include proper diagnosis and management, appropriate testing and overcoming barriers to testing, and public health reporting.

show abstract

Epidemiology of Neuroinvasive Arboviral Disease in the United States, 1999–2007

Cited by 123 publications

References 15 publications

Modifiable Risk Factors for West Nile Virus Infection during an Outbreak—Arizona, 2010

Modifiable Risk Factors for West Nile Virus Infection during an Outbreak—Arizona, 2010

Medical Risk Factors for Severe West Nile Virus Disease, United States, 2008–2010

Challenges to Arboviral Surveillance in Tennessee: Health-Care Providers' Attitudes and Behaviors

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About