Epidemiology of multiple sclerosis in London and Middlesex County, Ontario, Canada

Hader, Walter; Elliot, Margaret; Ebers, G. C.

doi:10.1212/wnl.38.4.617

Cited by 75 publications

(17 citation statements)

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“…It is noted that this distribution is similar to previously published data for Australia,20 North America21 and northern Europe 22. This method of age adjustment accommodates the increased risk of developing MS in family members who have not yet reached the age of maximum risk.…”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 85%

Familial recurrence risks for multiple sclerosis in Australia

O’Gorman

Freeman

Taylor

et al. 2011

Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry

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The familial recurrence risk of MS in Australia is lower than in previously reported studies. This is directly related to the lower population prevalence of MS. The overall genetic susceptibility in Australia as measured by the λ(s) is similar to the northern hemisphere, suggesting that the difference in population risk is explained largely by environmental factors rather than by genetic admixture.

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Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 85%

Familial recurrence risks for multiple sclerosis in Australia

O’Gorman

Freeman

Taylor

et al. 2011

Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry

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“…Zivadinov/Iona/Monti-Bragadin/Bosco/ Jurjevic/Taus/Cazzato/Zorzon [10] 37° S 1981 71 Australia, Newcastle [9] 32° S 1981 73 Australia, Perth [9] 31° S 1981 73 Australia, New South Wales [11] 30-33° S 1981 69 Australia, South Australia [11] 27-30° S 1981 69 Brazil, City of Sao Paolo [12] 23-24° S 1981 69 Australia, Queensland [13] 10-19° S 1981 73 India, Bombay [14] 19° N 1988 70 Japan, 10 cities [15] 26-44° N 1972-1978 76 Kuwait (in Kuwaitis) [16] 28-30° N 1988 69 Kuwait (in Palestinians) [16] 28-30° N 1988 69 Libya, Benghazi [17] 32° N 1984 75 Israel, native-born Israelis whose father was born in Europe or in America [18] 34° N 1981 74 Israel, native-born Israelis whose father was born in Africa or Asia [18] 34° N 1981 74 Israel, native-born Israelis whose father was born in Israel [18] 34° N 1981 74 Israel, immigrants to Israel born in Africa or Asia [18] 34° N 1981 74 Spain, Velez-Malaga [19] 36° N 1991 69 Italy, Sicily, Monreale [20] 38° N 1991 69 Spain, Alcoy, Valencia [21] 39° N 1988 73 Greece, Northern Greece [22] 39-41° N 1984 75 Spain, Teruel [23] 39-41° N 1996 69 Italy, Sardinia, Alghero [24] 40° N 1980 70 Italy, Sardinia, Sassari [25] 41° N 1985 70 Italy, Northwestern Sardinia [26] 41° N 1991 69 Spain, Catalonia, Osona [27] 41° N 1991 69 Spain, Asturias, Gijon health district [28] 43° N 1994 69 Canada, Ontario, London County [29] 43° N 1984 70 Italy, Ferrara [30] 44° N 1993 69 Italy, Reggio Emila and Modena [31] 44° N 1990 72 Italy, Modena [32] 44° N 1990 72 USA, Minnesota, Olmsted County [33] 44° N 1 9 7 8 7 0 USA, Minnesota, Rochester [33] 44° N 1 9 7 8 7 0 USA, Minnesota, Mower County [33] 44° N 1 9 7 8 7 0 USA, Minnesota, Olmsted County …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Use of Standardized Incidence and Prevalence Rates in Epidemiological Studies on Multiple Sclerosis

Zivadinov

Iona²,

Monti-Bragadin

et al. 2003

Neuroepidemiology

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Objective: To demonstrate whether or not the age and sex adjustment of incidence and prevalence rates in multiple sclerosis (MS) could allow more reliable comparison between epidemiological studies performed in different areas of the world and to establish if the latitude gradient theory could be confirmed after the standardization for age and sex distribution. Methods: A meta-analysis of population-based incidence and prevalence studies on MS from 1980 through 1998 using the terms ‘multiple sclerosis’, ‘prevalence’ and ‘incidence’ in the bibliographic databases MEDLINE and EMBASE was performed. We included studies that reported the diagnostic criteria, number of cases and the population studied, the date of the study, the latitude, and the age- and sex-specific crude incidence and prevalence rates. According to the inclusion criteria, 69 of 127 papers on prevalence and 22 of 70 papers on incidence were considered for age adjustment and 27 prevalence and 8 incidence studies for sex adjustment. The mean incidence and prevalencerates and the 95% confidence intervals age- and sex-adjusted to the World and the European standard populations were calculated. Results: The Spearman rank correlation and the multiple regression analyses indicated that age adjustment to standard populations could overcome the limitations in comparing the crude prevalence and incidence rates of different epidemiological studies on MS. When the mean crude and age- and sex-adjusted prevalence and age-adjusted incidence rates were stratified by latitude (from south to north), the latitudinal gradient, which was highly significant for the crude rates, became less remarkable for the age- and sex-adjusted prevalence rates and not significant for the age-adjusted incidence rates. Conclusions: The crude incidence and prevalence rates in epidemiological studies on MS should be age- and sex-adjusted to a common standard population to permit a more reliable comparison among studies performed in different countries. Our findings support the opinion that the latitude does not play a key role in determining the onset of MS. Whenever possible, the crude incidence and prevalence rates should be adjusted to the ethnic origin and migration characteristics.

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“…25 These rates show regional variations, but Nova Scotia and Saskatoon have similar rates. For more accurate comparison, rates from different studies need to be adjusted to standardized populations.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence and prevalence of multiple sclerosis in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan

Hader¹,

Yee²

2007

Neurology

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The incidence and prevalence rates adjusted to the standardized populations were statistically higher than the longitudinal European studies and similar to North American studies. Our incidence study confirms the high risk of multiple sclerosis (MS) in Saskatoon, and these rates seem to be stable over the past 35 years. The high crude prevalence rate results from an accumulation of incidence and nonresident cases over time. Long-term follow-up studies and comparison with standardized populations are recommended to estimate reliable incidence and the true risk of MS in the world.

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Epidemiology of multiple sclerosis in London and Middlesex County, Ontario, Canada

Cited by 75 publications

References 0 publications

Familial recurrence risks for multiple sclerosis in Australia

Familial recurrence risks for multiple sclerosis in Australia

The Use of Standardized Incidence and Prevalence Rates in Epidemiological Studies on Multiple Sclerosis

Incidence and prevalence of multiple sclerosis in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan

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