Epidemiology of lip and palate clefts in northwest of Iran: Prevalence, surgery complications and unrepaired patients younger than 18 years old

Abstract

Background: This study investigated the prevalence of lip and palate clefts, need for reoperation and primary surgery in unrepaired patients younger than 18 years old in Zanjan province, northwest of Iran. Methods: All urban and rural healthcare centers and the education department of Zanjan province were informed about this project. After identifying all patients with cleft lip and palate, they were sent to the plastic surgery clinic of our hospital. Their data were gathered, including sex, age, clinical classification, surgical modality, complications, surgery satisfaction and un-repaired patients. Results: A total of 87,356 people were examined by social workers. Among them 120 children and adolescents had cleft lip and palate (1.37 per 1000). 59 (49.1%) patients had cleft lip and palate, 35 (29.1%) patients had only cleft lip and 26 (21.6%) patients had only cleft palate. 25 patients (20.8%) had not done surgery (detection rate was 2.86 per 10,000). Secondary surgery was done in 39 patients (41.05%). In spite of a referral health system in Iran, 25 children with cleft lip had not been operated. Conclusion: Although most of the identified patients had been operated before, almost half of them had to undergo surgery again. Given the lack of studies on this topic in Iran, our findings can form the basis for further studies to precisely identify the roots of cleft lip and palate and properly plan to decrease its risk factors. Further studies are needed to identify reasons of missed detections and why primary surgeries are not satisfying.

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