Epidemiology of Leprosy in Indonesia: a Retrospective Study

Prakoeswa, Cita Rosita Sigit; Lubis, Ramona Sari; Anum, Qaira; Argentina, Fifa; Menaldi, Sri Linuwih; Gunawan, Hendra; Yuniati, Renni; Mulianto, Nur Rachmat; Siswati, Agnes Sri; Widasmara, Dhelya; Rusyati, Luh Made Mas; Mamuaja, Enricco H.; Muchtar, Vitayani; Agusni, Regitta Indira; Kusumaputra, Bagus Haryo; Alinda, Medhi Denisa; Listiawan, M. Yulianto

doi:10.20473/bikk.v34.1.2022.29-35

Cited by 10 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…18 It is important to perform a neurologic examination of the peripheral nerves after examining the skin lesions. 19 The incidence of leprosy has decreased over the past few years, but peripheral neuropathy and physical disability caused by M. leprae continue to be a major problem, as it can persist for years and even worsen after completion of treatment (RFT). After RFT, patients are usually discharged from health care monitoring and are not followed up, but during this period, leprosy-related sequelae may be developed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Profile of Disability in Leprosy Patients: A Retrospective Study

Geani

Rahmadewi

Astindari

et al. 2022

BIKK

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Background: Leprosy is a chronic granulomatous infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae that affects peripheral nerves and skin. The interaction between M. leprae and Schwann cells causes irreversible damage to peripheral nervous tissue afterward disability occurs. Involvement of the major nervous trunks of the extremities can produce sensory-motor deficits. The risk factors are delay in diagnosis, gender, age, type of leprosy, duration of disease, number of affected nerves, leprosy reaction, type of treatment, socioeconomic factors, education, ethnicity, and occupation. Purpose: The aim was to study the profile of leprosy patients with disability who seek treatment in Leprosy Division Dermatovenerology Outpatient Clinic RSUD Dr. Soetomo Surabaya. Methods: This was a descriptive retrospective study of leprosy patients with disability from January 2017 to December 2019. Result: The results of this study obtained a total of 275 leprosy patients with disabilities, which consisted of 76 patients (27.6%) with grade-1 disability and 199 patients (72.4%) with grade-2 disability. The majority were male (73.4%) and aged 25-44 years old (42.2%). Other dominant risk factors were MB type leprosy (92%), duration of disease more than 12 months (52.3%), no leprosy reaction (68%), and had received multidrug therapy (45.5%). Conclusion: Knowledge of disability risk factors can assist in improving management and education to prevent disability in leprosy patients.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Profile of Disability in Leprosy Patients: A Retrospective Study

Geani

Rahmadewi

Astindari

et al. 2022

BIKK

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“…Sedangkan nervus tibialis, dan radialis, memiliki proporsi yang sama antara jumlah kedua nervus yang terlibat dengan yang normal (Tabel 3 (2022) melaporkan terdapat hubungan antara usia dengan reaksi kusta dimana reaksi kusta paling banyak terjadi pada usia lebih dari 14 tahun (95,3%). 13 Durasi konsumsi obat dengan kejadian ENL pada penelitian ini tidak memiliki hubungan yang bermakna, hasil serupa ditemukan pada penelitian sebelumnya. 11 Penelitian Pagolori (2002) yang menyatakan terdapat asosiasi antara lama pengobatan kusta dengan kejadian reaksi ksuta, dimana risiko reaksi nya adalah 2,9 kali lebih tinggi pada pasien yang baru mendapat pengobatan dibandingkan dengan pasien yang telah mendapat mengobatan sejak awal terdiagnosis.…”

Section: Hasilunclassified

Perbandingan kerusakan saraf perifer melalui pemeriksaan elektroneuromiografi pada kusta tipe multibasiler

Sanjaya

Rusyati

Winaya

et al. 2022

Intisari Sains Medis

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Background: Leprosy is a bacterial infection that is still a neglected disease. This disease leads to peripheral neuropathy despite routine treatment. Moreover, early detection of peripheral neuropathy in leprosy patients is very important. ENMG is known to have fairly good sensitivity and specificity in detecting it. Therefore, this study aims to determine the relationship between type 2 leprosy reactions and the risk of peripheral neuropathy through ENMG examination. Methods: The study design was a prospective, cross-sectional observational study. The research was conducted in July-September 2022 at Prof. dr. I G.N.G. Ngoerah General Hospital, Denpasar. The sample will be selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria and then divided into two groups as a group with type 2 leprosy reaction and a group without type 2 leprosy reaction. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 25. The analysis was carried out in the form of descriptive and analytical analyses. The analytical analysis used is fisher's exact. Results: This study obtained 20 samples with an average age of 36.2±13.3 years. There were 40% of patients with type 2 leprosy reactions. All patients had polyneuropathy with 30% axonal type polyneuropathy and 70% mixed type. Bivariate analysis showed that there was no significant relationship between type 2 leprosy reaction to the type of peripheral neuropathy and the number of nerves involved based on ENMG examination (p=0.64). Conclusion: From this study, it can be concluded that there was no statistically significant relationship between the type 2 leprosy reaction to the type of peripheral neuropathy and the number of nerves involved based on the ENMG examination. Latar belakang: Kusta merupakan infeksi bakteri yang masih menjadi penyakit terbengkalai. Penyakit ini dapat menimbulkan terjadinya neuropati perifer meskipun telah melakukan pengobatan yang rutin. Untuk itu deteksi dini neuropati perifer pada pasien kusta sangat penting. ENMG diketehui memiliki sensitivitas dan spesifisitas yang cukup baik dalam mendeteksi hal tersebut. Maka dari itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara reaksi kusta tipe 2 dengan resiko neuropati perifer melalui pemeriksaan ENMG. Metode: Disain penelitian ini merupakan observasional prospektif, potong lintang. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Juli-September 2022 di RSUP Prof. dr. I G.N.G. Ngoerah, Denpasar. Sampel akan diseleksi berdasarkan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi kemudian di bagi menjadi dua kelompok yaitu, kelompok dengan reaksi kusta tipe 2 dan kelompok tanpa rekasi kusta tipe 2. Data dianalisis menggunakan SPSS versi 25. Analisis yang dilakukan berupa analisis deskriptif, dan analitik. Analisis analitik yang digunakan berupa fisher’s exact. Hasil: Pada penelitian ini mendapatkan 20 sampel dengan rata-rata berusia 36,2±13,3 tahun. Terdapat 40% pasien dengan reaksi kusta tipe 2. Seluruh pasien mengalami polineuropati dengan 30% merupakan polineuropati tipe aksonal dan 70% tipe campuran. Analissi bivariat menunjukkan tidak ditemukannya hubungan yang signifikan antara rekasi kusta tipe 2 terhadap jenis nauropati perifer dan jumlah saraf yang terlibat berdasarkan pemeriksaan ENMG (p=0,64). Simpulan: Dari penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa tidak ditemukannya hubungan yang signifikan secara statistik antara rekasi kusta tipe 2 terhadap jenis nauropati perifer dan jumlah saraf yang terlibat berdasarkan pemeriksaan ENMG.

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“…India has the highest number of new leprosy cases, with total of 134,752 cases, followed by Brazil with 33,303 cases. Indonesia comes in third place with 16,825 cases and a disability rate of 6.82 people per million population ( Prakoeswa et al, 2022 ; Fatmala, 2016 ; Prakoeswa et al, 2020 ; Endaryanto, Prakoeswa & Prakoeswa, 2020 ). These disabilities happen as a result of leprosy patients being reluctant to seek treatment or seeking it later than necessary ( Muhlisin, 2017 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of CXCL10 as a biomarker for immunological response among patients with leprosy: a systematic literature review

Prakoeswa,

Haningtyas,

Dewi

et al. 2024

PeerJ

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Introduction Involvement of a chemokine known as C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10 or CXCL10 in the immunopathology of leprosy has emerged as a possible immunological marker for leprosy diagnosis and needed to be investigate further. The purpose of this systematic review is to assess CXCL10’s potential utility as a leprosy diagnostic tool and evaluation of therapy. Methods This systematic review is based on Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020. A thorough search was carried out to find relevant studies only in English and limited in humans published up until September 2023 using PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, and Wiley Online Library database with keywords based on medical subject headings (MeSH) and no exclusion criteria. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) was utilized for quality assessment, while the Risk of Bias Assessment tool for Non-randomized Studies (RoBANS) was utilized for assessing the risk of bias. Additionally, a narrative synthesis was conducted to provide a comprehensive review of the results. Results We collected a total of 115 studies using defined keywords and 82 studies were eliminated after titles and abstracts were screened. We assessed the eligibility of the remaining 26 reports in full text and excluded four studies due to inappropriate study design and two studies with incomplete outcome data. There were twenty included studies in total with total of 2.525 samples. The included studies received NOS quality evaluation scores ranging from 6 to 8. The majority of items in the risk bias assessment, using RoBANS, across all included studies yielded low scores. However, certain items related to the selection of participants and confounding variables showed variations. Most of studies indicate that CXCL10 may be a helpful immunological marker for leprosy diagnosis, particularly in leprosy reactions as stated in seven studies. The results are better when paired with other immunological markers. Its effectiveness in field-friendly diagnostic tools makes it one of the potential biomarkers used in diagnosing leprosy patients. Additionally, CXCL10 may be utilized to assess the efficacy of multidrug therapy (MDT) in leprosy patients as stated in three studies. Conclusion The results presented in this systematic review supports the importance of CXCL10 in leprosy diagnosis, particularly in leprosy responses and in tracking the efficacy of MDT therapy. Using CXCL10 in clinical settings might help with leprosy early diagnosis. Yet the findings are heterogenous, thus more investigation is required to determine the roles of CXCL10 in leprosy while taking into account for additional confounding variables.

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Epidemiology of Leprosy in Indonesia: a Retrospective Study

Cited by 10 publications

References 10 publications

Profile of Disability in Leprosy Patients: A Retrospective Study

Profile of Disability in Leprosy Patients: A Retrospective Study

Perbandingan kerusakan saraf perifer melalui pemeriksaan elektroneuromiografi pada kusta tipe multibasiler

The role of CXCL10 as a biomarker for immunological response among patients with leprosy: a systematic literature review

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