Epidemiology of Khat (
            <i>Catha edulis</i>
            ) Chewing in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review and meta-analysis

Ayano, Getinet; Ayalew, Mohammed; Bedaso, Asres; Duko, Bereket

doi:10.1080/02791072.2022.2155735

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…Although the topic is better investigated among a few segments of the population Abbreviations: ANC, antenatal care; AOR, adjusted odds ratio; CI, confidence interval. (24,25), there is a paucity of evidence about khat chewing practice among pregnant women in Ethiopia, particularly in the current study area. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the prevalence of current khat chewing and its associated factors among pregnant women in Chiro district, eastern Ethiopia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…Despite its deleterious consequences, khat chewing practice is escalating worldwide ( 1 , 7 ); its close relation with cultural norms and lack of clear regulatory rules in many high-producing countries have made control efforts less effective, if not ineffective ( 21 , 22 ). In Ethiopia, measures like increased taxation have been implemented ( 23 ), yet the problem remains substantial ( 24 ). Although the topic is better investigated among a few segments of the population ( 24 , 25 ), there is a paucity of evidence about khat chewing practice among pregnant women in Ethiopia, particularly in the current study area.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Ethiopia, measures like increased taxation have been implemented ( 23 ), yet the problem remains substantial ( 24 ). Although the topic is better investigated among a few segments of the population ( 24 , 25 ), there is a paucity of evidence about khat chewing practice among pregnant women in Ethiopia, particularly in the current study area. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the prevalence of current khat chewing and its associated factors among pregnant women in Chiro district, eastern Ethiopia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Khat chewing and its associated factors among pregnant women in Chiro district, eastern Ethiopia: a community-based study

Geremew,

Kebede,

Negash

et al. 2023

Front. Psychiatry

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IntroductionDespite its deleterious consequences, khat chewing is escalating worldwide. However, there is a lack of evidence about the extent of khat chewing among pregnant women in Ethiopia, particularly in the current study area. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the prevalence of current khat chewing and its associated factors among pregnant women in Chiro district, eastern Ethiopia.MethodsThis community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Chiro district from November 1 to 30, 2022 G.C. Study participants were selected using the systematic random sampling technique. An interview-administered structured questionnaire was used to collect data through a house-to-house survey. The data were entered into EpiData version 3.1 and analyzed in STATA 14 software. Characteristics of study participants were summarized using descriptive analysis, and binary logistic regression was used to identify determinants of khat chewing.ResultsA total of 409 pregnant women participated in this study, with a response rate of 99%. The overall prevalence of khat chewing was 60.4% (95% CI: 55.5%, 65.2%). Religion (AOR: 2.08; 95% CI: 1.13, 3.82), khat cultivation (AOR: 0.43; 95% CI: 0.25, 0.77), partner khat use (AOR: 5.54; 95% CI: 3.11, 9.88), pre-pregnancy khat use (AOR: 9.95; 95% CI: 5.55, 17.81), antenatal care (ANC) visit (AOR: 2.71; 95% CI: 1.41, 5.21), and mental distress (AOR: 4.89; 95% CI: 2.38, 10.02) were significantly associated with current khat chewing.ConclusionThe majority of pregnant women in the study area practice khat chewing. Thus, accessible and comprehensive pre-conception and pre-natal care incorporating the prevention and management of antenatal khat chewing is crucial to overcome this problem. Provision of mental healthcare involving partners of pregnant women is also important to reduce the extent and impacts of khat chewing during pregnancy. Further longitudinal studies triangulated with qualitative designs are recommended.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Khat chewing and its associated factors among pregnant women in Chiro district, eastern Ethiopia: a community-based study

Geremew,

Kebede,

Negash

et al. 2023

Front. Psychiatry

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“…Due to the widespread consumption of the substance khat [ 8 , 9 ] and prevailing malnutrition in the country [ 44 , 45 ], there was a need for clear evidence on the association between these two to support existing nutrition interventions. Moreover, this piece of evidence could help the country move towards achieving the sustainable development goals and bring about the intended economic growth through various approaches.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Given the prevalence of khat chewing and the high burden of undernutrition in Ethiopia, it is crucial to examine the potential relationship between khat chewing and the risk of undernutrition among adults, where there is no clear evidence yet. For instance, studies from Ethiopia showed that the prevalence of khat chewing is about 19–27% [ 8 ] and 17% among students [ 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Khat consumption and undernutrition among adult population in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Oumer

2024

PLoS ONE

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Background In Ethiopia, malnutrition is a public health threat causing a significant burden of morbidity, mortality, and economic crisis. Simultaneously, khat consumption is alarmingly increasing among adults, yet it might contribute to the existing burden of malnutrition, where the current evidence is inconclusive. Hence, this review was to estimate the association between khat consumption and undernutrition among adults in Ethiopia. Methods A comprehensive search for Google, Google Scholar, and PubMed, coupled with a thorough manual search of the literature, was done up to date, October 18, 2023, using relevant search terms: “impact," "effects," “khat chewing," “khat consumption," "Ethiopia," “nutritional status," and "undernutrition." An updated PRISMA guideline was used to select relevant literature. The extracted data was summarized in narrative summaries, descriptions, and meta-analyses. The risk of bias was assessed. The results are presented in forest plots and funnel plots to assess publication bias. A pooled effect size (odds ratio) with a 95% certainty level was reported. Results While a total of 17 articles (n = 45,679) were included in the narrative review, only 15 articles were included in the quantitative meta-analysis. The majority of studies had a low and moderate risk of bias (based on risk of bias assessment tool), mainly due to unclear exposure assessment and high study heterogeneity. A total of 11 studies were cross-sectional studies (71%), three were comparative studies (17.4%), and three were case control studies (17.4%). There is a higher risk of publication bias as evidenced by the funnel plot. Overall, five studies were from the Oromia region, and three studies were conducted at the national level. Overall, chewing had been shown to significantly increase the risk of undernutrition by 53% (pooled OR = 1.53; 95% CI: 1.09–2.16) under a random effect model. Under the fixed effect model, higher weight was given to national-level studies with higher samples, where chewing contributed to a 12% increased risk of undernutrition (AOR = 1.12; 95% CI: 1.01–2.23). Hence, khat chewing could raise the odds of undernutrition by 12–53%. Conclusion There is evidence of an association between khat chewing and an increased risk of undernutrition among adults in Ethiopia, which highlights the need for public health interventions to address the potential adverse effects of khat chewing on nutritional status.

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« Chemsex » et cathinones

Alvarez,

Larabi

2024

Bulletin de l'Académie Nationale de Médecine

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Epidemiology of Khat ( Catha edulis ) Chewing in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review and meta-analysis

Cited by 5 publications

References 54 publications

Khat chewing and its associated factors among pregnant women in Chiro district, eastern Ethiopia: a community-based study

Khat chewing and its associated factors among pregnant women in Chiro district, eastern Ethiopia: a community-based study

Khat consumption and undernutrition among adult population in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis

« Chemsex » et cathinones

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