Abstract:Background
Invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) causes high fatality in untreated patients alongside long-term sequelae in 20% survivors. For a comprehensive assessment of epidemiology, an analysis of these sequelae is required. This study aims to investigate the epidemiology of disease between 2008 and 2017 including a description of the sequelae, through the analysis of data collected from the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) linked with data from the Hospital Episode Statistics … Show more
“…Today, effective vaccines are available worldwide against all major meningococcal serogroups that cause GMI. The effectiveness of preventive vaccinations in children and numerous campaigns of vaccination of the adult population, as defining components of a complex of anti-epidemic measures, is illustrated by the steady decline in MI incidence rates over the past two decades in most countries of the world [31,32,33]. There is no doubt that in our case, timely vaccination of children and adults against MI could drastically affect the course and consequences of the disease.…”
Meningococcal infection in the form of sporadic cases or minor group outbreaks, mostly among children, is registered in all countries of the world. The disease has a wide range of clinical manifestations – from an asymptomatic bacterial carriage and acute nasopharyngitis to the rapid development of meningococcemia, acute meningococcal sepsis and meningitis. The article highlights and summarizes literature data related to the incidence of meningococcal infection, ways of infection, features of the clinical course of the disease in the newborn period, and modern views on the problem. A rare clinical case of the development of severe generalized forms of meningococcal infection in 3-month-old twins with a fatal outcome in one child is described. The decisive role in the development of the disease of twins is determined by the way and duration of children’s contact with their father, who has a bacteriologically confirmed (Neisseria meningitidis, biovar C) meningococcal nasopharyngitis. Early diagnosis and treatment of all forms of meningococcal infections are important to prevent the development of GMI. The key method of MI prevention is vaccination.
“…Today, effective vaccines are available worldwide against all major meningococcal serogroups that cause GMI. The effectiveness of preventive vaccinations in children and numerous campaigns of vaccination of the adult population, as defining components of a complex of anti-epidemic measures, is illustrated by the steady decline in MI incidence rates over the past two decades in most countries of the world [31,32,33]. There is no doubt that in our case, timely vaccination of children and adults against MI could drastically affect the course and consequences of the disease.…”
Meningococcal infection in the form of sporadic cases or minor group outbreaks, mostly among children, is registered in all countries of the world. The disease has a wide range of clinical manifestations – from an asymptomatic bacterial carriage and acute nasopharyngitis to the rapid development of meningococcemia, acute meningococcal sepsis and meningitis. The article highlights and summarizes literature data related to the incidence of meningococcal infection, ways of infection, features of the clinical course of the disease in the newborn period, and modern views on the problem. A rare clinical case of the development of severe generalized forms of meningococcal infection in 3-month-old twins with a fatal outcome in one child is described. The decisive role in the development of the disease of twins is determined by the way and duration of children’s contact with their father, who has a bacteriologically confirmed (Neisseria meningitidis, biovar C) meningococcal nasopharyngitis. Early diagnosis and treatment of all forms of meningococcal infections are important to prevent the development of GMI. The key method of MI prevention is vaccination.
“…69 Similarly, in the UK, the highest CFR (22%) was observed among patients ≥50 years of age. 70 Figure 4. Invasive meningococcal disease case numbers and case fatality rates in Europe, France and the United Kingdom, 2011–2020, stratified by age.…”
Invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) is a life-threatening disease caused by
Neisseria meningitidis
and has high mortality rates. Survivors often exhibit long-term sequelae and reduced life expectancy. Disease incidence is highest in infants and toddlers, with a resurgence of cases in adolescents and older adults (>50 years of age). Substantial heterogeneity exists in the recommendations of meningococcal vaccines included in National Immunization Programs (NIPs) across countries. Recommendations are usually based on infant/toddler immunization, with some countries recommending immunization only for toddlers. While existing recommendations have led to a reduced incidence of IMD in children <5 years of age, there has been an increase in cases among adolescents and older adults. Currently, older adults are not included in the recommendations. The higher healthcare burden and the economic costs associated with IMD in these age groups suggest that it is time to consider including adolescents and older adults in NIPs to protect against IMD caused by the five most prevalent serogroups. Currently, the lack of equity of access to vaccines in the immunization programs is a glaring gap in the betterment of public health, and a broader meningococcal strategy is recommended to provide optimal protection for all age groups.
“…The incidence of MenC fell dramatically with a fall of 90% in cases among immunised people and 66% in unimmunised people. 27 However, with the fall in MenC cases, serotypes B (MenB) and W (MenW) became more prevalent in the United Kingdom. Therefore, immunisation against MenB was introduced for infants in 2015, with the adolescent MenC booster replaced with MenACWY.…”
Section: Impact Of Immunisationmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Therefore, immunisation against MenB was introduced for infants in 2015, with the adolescent MenC booster replaced with MenACWY. 27 …”
Section: Impact Of Immunisationmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Therefore, immunisation against MenB was introduced for infants in 2015, with the adolescent MenC booster replaced with MenACWY. 27 A single-centre study in the North East of England assessed all referrals for suspected meningococcal infection between 1996 and 1999. In the survivors, 212 of the laboratory confirmed cases and 85 of the non-confirmed cases had complement screening through measurement of CH100/ AP100.…”
Recurrent infections are a common presenting feature in paediatrics and, while most times considered part of normal growing up, they are also a classical hallmark of inborn errors of immunity (IEI). We aimed to outline the value of currently used signs for IEI and the influence of the changing epidemiology of infectious diseases due to implementation of new vaccines and the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the assessment of children with recurrent infections. Warning signs for IEI have been developed, but the supporting evidence for their effectiveness is limited, and immune dysregulation is more commonly recognised as a feature for IEI, making reliable identification of children who should be screened for IEI on clinical grounds difficult. In addition, the epidemiology of infectious diseases is changing due to restrictions related to Covid-19 as well as immunisations, which may change the threshold to screen children for IEI. Treatments for IEI are evolving and are often more effective and less complicated when started early. Screening for IEI can be initiated by the non-immunologist and should be considered early to ensure optimal treatment outcomes.
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