Epidemiology of invasive <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i> 

infections in adults in Finland

Sankilampi, Ulla; Herva, Elja; Haikala, Raili; Liimatainen, Oili; Renkonen, Olli-Veikko; Leinonen, Maija

doi:10.1017/s0950268896007169

Cited by 64 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…There, the S. pneumoniae isolates were typed by counterimmunoelectrophoresis or, for neutral group 7 and type 14, latex agglutination, and the capsular reaction test for confirmation, as previously described. 19 All antisera and antiserum pools were obtained from Statens Seruminstitut. Haemophilus influenzae isolates from blood and CSF were typed by counterimmunoelectrophoresis and latex agglutination methods 20 using types a to f antisera (Difco Laboratories, Detroit, MI).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Invasive bacterial infections of children in a rural province in the central Philippines.

Lupisan¹,

Herva²,

Sombrero³

et al. 2000

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. The etiology of invasive bacterial infections was studied among 956 Filipino children less than five years old who fulfilled the World Health Organization criteria for severe or very severe pneumonia or had suspected meningitis or sepsis. The most common invasive infections were due to Streptococcus pneumoniae (12 [1.3%]) and Haemophilus influenzae (12 [1.3%]); including four cases of pneumococcal meningitis and 11 cases of H. influenzae meningitis. Type 1 was the most common (six of the 12 isolates) of the pneumococcal serotypes. Serotypes/groups 1, 6, 14, and 23 accounted for 91.7% of the invasive isolates. The majority of the H. influenzae strains from blood (10 out of 10) and cerebrospinal fluid (6 out of 7) were type b. Almost all of the invasive S. pneumoniae (9 out of 12) and H. influenzae (11 out of 12) infections were seen before one year of age, which stresses the need to investigate early immunization of children for H. influenzae type b and S. pneumoniae, as well as maternal immunization to maximize the potential of immunoprophylaxis.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Invasive bacterial infections of children in a rural province in the central Philippines.

Lupisan¹,

Herva²,

Sombrero³

et al. 2000

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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“…Age, race, and the presence of comorbid conditions are well-recognized risk factors for IPD; with the very young and elderly, black individuals, and those with comorbid conditions having higher IPD rates than those without these characteristics [5,6]. A few early studies have suggested that rates of IPD may be higher in male than in female subjects, but this has not been fully characterized [7][8][9][10]. Immunologic and environmental factors that contribute to IPD risk may also vary by sex and age.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Persistent Sex Disparities in Invasive Pneumococcal Diseases in the Conjugate Vaccine Era

Maurice¹,

Schaffner

Griffin

et al. 2016

J Infect Dis.

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Background. Few studies have characterized the role of sex on the incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD). We examined sex differences in rates of IPD, and trends after the introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs).Methods. We used active population and laboratory-based IPD surveillance data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Active Bacterial Core surveillance program (1998)(1999)(2000)(2001)(2002)(2003)(2004)(2005)(2006)(2007)(2008)(2009)(2010)(2011)(2012)(2013) in Tennessee. Population-based rates of IPD by sex, race, age group, and PCV era were calculated. Rates were compared using incidence rate ratios.Results. Throughout the study years, rates of IPD were higher in male than in female subjects, particularly in children <2 years and adults 40-64 years of age, with male subjects having IPD rates 1.5-2 times higher than female subjects. The proportions of comorbid conditions were similar in male and female subjects . Sex rate differences persisted after stratification by race. Although the introductions of 7-valent PCV (PCV7) and 13-valent PCV (PCV13) were associated with declines in IPD rates in both sexes, rates of IPD after PCV13 were still significantly higher in male than in female subjects among children and adults 40-64 and >74 years of age.Conclusions. Rates of IPD were generally higher in male than in female subjects. These sex differences were observed in different race groups and persisted after introduction of both PCVs.

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“…This might be part of the explanation why the incidence of meningitis caused by S. pneumoniae is six times higher than in other parts of the world, where incidence rates seem to be very stable around 1 per 100,000 (6,(10)(11)(12)(13).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Invasive pneumococcal disease in Greenland

Christiansen

Poulsen²,

Ladefoged³

2004

International Journal of Circumpolar Health

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Epidemiology of invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae infections in adults in Finland

Cited by 64 publications

References 37 publications

Invasive bacterial infections of children in a rural province in the central Philippines.

Invasive bacterial infections of children in a rural province in the central Philippines.

Persistent Sex Disparities in Invasive Pneumococcal Diseases in the Conjugate Vaccine Era

Invasive pneumococcal disease in Greenland

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