Epidemiology of inhalant use

Medina‐Mora, María Elena; Real, Tania

doi:10.1097/yco.0b013e3282fc9875

Cited by 68 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…This use among women suggests that the incidence of solvent abuse by women in their prime child-bearing years is also increasing (cf. [NIDA 1994;Medina-Mora and Real 2008]). A recent review of drug abuse among women of reproductive age lists ''toluene-based solvents'' among the most commonly abused substances in pregnancy, along with alcohol, cocaine, amphetamines, opioids, marijuana, and tobacco [Kuczkowski 2007].…”

Section: Epidemiology Of Toluene and Other Solvent Abusementioning

confidence: 99%

Reproductive Toxicology and Teratology of Abused Toluene

Hannigan

Bowen

2010

Systems Biology in Reproductive Medicine

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Reproductive Toxicology and Teratology of Abused TolueneToluene is an organic solvent that is widely used by industry and is ubiquitous in our environment. As a result, exposure to solvents like toluene in workrelated settings (i.e., relatively constant, low-level exposures) or through inhalant abuse (i.e., relatively intermittent, high-level exposures) is increasing for many women of reproductive age. Evidence suggests that the risk for pregnancy problems, as well as developmental delays and neurobehavioral difficulties, is higher for the children of women who have been exposed to high concentrations of organic solvents during pregnancy than for those who have not. These risks appear to be higher in cases of abuse exposure to solvents such as toluene, particularly in comparison to the risk for teratogenic outcomes with occupational solvent exposure. Despite this, the reproductive toxicology and teratology following abuse of toluene and other inhalants remains under-investigated. This brief review describes the current state of our understanding of the reproductive and teratogenic risk of gestational toluene abuse. The data to date suggest that the high levels of toluene exposure typical with inhalant abuse are more detrimental to fetal development than typical occupational exposure, and preclinical paradigms can be beneficial for investigating the processes and risks of prenatal solvent exposure. While substantial research has been done on the reproductive effects of occupational exposures to organic solvents, more research is needed on the outcomes and mechanisms of exposures typical of inhalant abuse.

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Section: Epidemiology Of Toluene and Other Solvent Abusementioning

confidence: 99%

Reproductive Toxicology and Teratology of Abused Toluene

Hannigan

Bowen

2010

Systems Biology in Reproductive Medicine

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“…Abuse of volatile substances is a hazardous behavior that has been documented throughout the world [19,33,42]. Once observed almost entirely in males, volatile substance abuse has increased in females and the gender gap is narrowing [48].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-Term Behavioral Consequences of Prenatal Binge Toluene Exposure in Adolescent Rats

López‐Rubalcava¹,

Chávez-Alvarez²,

Huerta-Rivas³

et al. 2014

Journal of Drug and Alcohol Research

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The continued abuse of inhaled organic solvents, especially among women of childbearing age, raises the risk of long-term behavioral effects of maternal toluene abuse. In this study, the effects of short-term exposures to high toluene concentrations (i.e., "binges") were tested in independent groups of adolescent rats with different toluene treatments: (a) acute: 30-day-old animals exposed for 30 min to air (A) or 6,000 ppm toluene (T); (b) prenatal and postnatal: rats exposed to T or A from gestation days 8-20 and re-exposed to T or A from postnatal day (PN) 22 to PN30 (A/A, T/A, A/T, and T/T, resp.). On PN30, animals were evaluated in different tests. Postnatal toluene exposure produced anxiolytic-like effects in the burying behavior test, and the T/T group received the highest number of electrical shocks. Antinociception was observed in the T, A/T, and T/T groups in the hotplate test. All toluene treatments impaired short-term memory in the object recognition test, but only postnatal exposure impaired long-term memory in the passive avoidance test. Sensitization occurred in the T/T group in locomotor activity. These results indicate that prenatal exposure to a concentration of toluene that does not produce evident malformations can modify behavioral toluene's effects in adolescent rats.

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“…Other populations and subgroups susceptible to injection initiation include people who misuse other prescription medications (i.e. tranquilizers, stimulants and sedatives), men who have sex with men (for whom prescription drug misuse has been associated with sex risk) [10,11] and people who use inhalants [12,13]. There may be others as well.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%