Epidemiology of Influenza Virus Reinfection: A Retrospective Analysis of a Nine-year Influenza Surveillance Data

Wang, Jing; Jiang, Lina; Xu, Yunan; He, Wei‐Ming; Zhang, Chao; FuYin, Bi; Tan, Yi Quan; Ning, Chuanyi

doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-81005/v1

Cited by 1 publication

(1 citation statement)

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“…18 Although observational studies are limited by the short time period since SARS-CoV-2 emergence, current evidence suggests that reinfection can occur within 5-12 months of primary infection, a timeframe that is similar to that for other acute respiratory viral infections (table 2). [15][16][17][18][19][35][36][37]39,[115][116][117][118][119][120][121][122] Nonetheless, it is unclear whether the time to reinfection suggested by the available data could become shorter with escape from neutralisation by variants of concern (VOCs), including (but not limited to) the alpha (B.1.1.7), beta (B.1.351), and gamma (P.1) variants, and the B.1.617 lineage, a subtype of which is the delta variant (B.1.617.2). [123][124][125][126][127][128] While studies of other respiratory viruses such as human coronavirus and influenza A suggest that homologous reinfection is uncommon, 84,115 the picture is less clear for SARS-CoV-2.…”

Section: Personal Viewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does infection with or vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 lead to lasting immunity?

Milne

Hames

Scotton

et al. 2021

The Lancet Respiratory Medicine

123

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Many nations are pursuing the rollout of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines as an exit strategy from unprecedented COVID-19related restrictions. However, the success of this strategy relies critically on the duration of protective immunity resulting from both natural infection and vaccination. SARS-CoV-2 infection elicits an adaptive immune response against a large breadth of viral epitopes, although the duration of the response varies with age and disease severity. Current evidence from case studies and large observational studies suggests that, consistent with research on other common respiratory viruses, a protective immunological response lasts for approximately 5-12 months from primary infection, with reinfection being more likely given an insufficiently robust primary humoral response. Markers of humoral and cell-mediated immune memory can persist over many months, and might help to mitigate against severe disease upon reinfection. Emerging data, including evidence of breakthrough infections, suggest that vaccine effectiveness might be reduced significantly against emerging variants of concern, and hence secondary vaccines will need to be developed to maintain population-level protective immunity. Nonetheless, other interventions will also be required, with further outbreaks likely to occur due to antigenic drift, selective pressures for novel variants, and global population mobility.

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