Epidemiology of infectious diarrhoea and the relationship with etiological and meteorological factors in Jiangsu Province, China

Abstract

We depicted the epidemiological characteristics of infectious diarrhoea in Jiangsu Province, China. Generalized additive models were employed to evaluate the age-specific effects of etiological and meteorological factors on prevalence. A long-term increasing prevalence with strong seasonality was observed. In those aged 0–5 years, disease risk increased rapidly with the positive rate of virus (rotavirus, norovirus, sapovirus, astrovirus) in the 20–50% range. In those aged > 20 years, disease risk increased with the positive rate of adenovirus and bacteria (Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Salmonella, Escherichia coli, Campylobacter jejuni) until reaching 5%, and thereafter stayed stable. The mean temperature, relative humidity, temperature range, and rainfall were all related to two-month lag morbidity in the group aged 0–5 years. Disease risk increased with relative humidity between 67–78%. Synchronous climate affected the incidence in those aged >20 years. Mean temperature and rainfall showed U-shape associations with disease risk (with threshold 15 °C and 100 mm per month, respectively). Meanwhile, disease risk increased gradually with sunshine duration over 150 hours per month. However, no associations were found in the group aged 6–19 years. In brief, etiological and meteorological factors had age-specific effects on the prevalence of infectious diarrhoea in Jiangsu. Surveillance efforts are needed to prevent its spread.

Understanding the Impact of Rainfall on Diarrhea: Testing the Concentration-Dilution Hypothesis Using a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

“…However, five articles reported nonlinear associations. Three of these articles reported a U-shaped association between rain and diarrhea, with higher incidence at both low and high levels of rainfall ( Fang et al. 2019 ; Dunn and Johnson 2018 ; Ikeda et al.…”

“…However, five articles reported nonlinear associations. Three of these articles reported a U-shaped association between rain and diarrhea, with higher incidence at both low and high levels of rainfall (Fang et al 2019;Dunn and Johnson 2018;Ikeda et al 2019). One study reported highest diarrhea risk at moderate rainfall (Chowdhury et al 2018), and another study found excess risk at the highest rainfall levels (Uejio et al 2014).…”

Hemolysin-Producing Strains among Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli Isolated from Children under 2 Years Old with Diarrheal Disease

“…It was not a surprise that, in the current study, 52% of the processed samples were received from pediatric departments, with 60.4% of these samples being collected from children under 2 years old (with a mean age of 6.3 months). These were just the requests for bacterial diagnosis; thus, if the viral, parasitic, and fungal etiology would have been included in our study, the results could have been different, particularly with the knowledge that viral and parasitic etiology is more frequent in children than in adults [14,15].…”

The Short-term Effects of Temperature on Infectious Diarrhea among Children under 5 Years Old in Jiangsu, China: A Time-series Study (2015–2019)

“…A clinical trial showed a significant reduction in parasite detection rates following water, sanitation, and hygiene interventions [25,26] . Fang et al had reported three high endemic regions of infectious diarrhea in Jiangsu Province from 2013 to 2017, which were Xuzhou, Yancheng and the border area between Wuxi and Suzhou [27] . In our study, we found that the incidences of infectious diarrhea in Xuzhou and Yancheng were decreased during 2015 to 2019; however, the highest incidence was still identified in Suzhou from 2015 to 2019.…”