Epidemiology of<i>Clostridium difficile</i>infection: results of a hospital-based study in Krakow, Poland

Czepiel, Jacek; Kędzierska, Jolanta; Biesiada, Grażyna; Birczyńska, Malwina; Perucki, William; Nowak, Piotr; Garlicki, Aleksander

doi:10.1017/s0950268815000552

Cited by 28 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Nonetheless, a significant proportion of CDI occurs in a younger population. Age > 65 years is a significant risk factor not only for CDI itself, but also for poor clinical outcome including severity and mortality [ 3 , 7 ]. Although most cases of CDI are linked to healthcare exposure, either hospitalization or nursing home stay, recent studies suggest that the incidence of community-acquired CDI is growing, and might have recently reached up to 30% of all CDI cases [ 8 ].…”

Section: Risk Factors Associated With CDImentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mortality rate directly due to CDI is estimated at 5%, whereas mortality associated with CDI complications reaches 15–25%, and up to 34% in intensive care units (ICU). Mortality doubles in ICU patients with CDI, as compared with ICU patients without CDI [ 7 , 48 , 49 ]. Poor outcome is associated with older age, high leukocytosis, hypoalbuminemia, and high creatinine level [ 43 , 50 ].…”

Section: Clinical Manifestationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Poor outcome is associated with older age, high leukocytosis, hypoalbuminemia, and high creatinine level [ 43 , 50 ]. It has been also shown that first-ever CDI episode increases the overall risk of death [ 7 ].…”

Section: Clinical Manifestationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Clostridium difficile infection: review

Czepiel

Dróźdź²,

Pituch

et al. 2019

Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis

476

391

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Clostridium difficile ( C. difficile ) is a Gram-positive, spore-forming, anaerobic bacillus, which is widely distributed in the intestinal tract of humans and animals and in the environment. In the last decade, the frequency and severity of C. difficile infection has been increasing worldwide to become one of the most common hospital-acquired infections. Transmission of this pathogen occurs by the fecal-oral route and the most important risk factors include antibiotic therapy, old age, and hospital or nursing home stay. The clinical picture is diverse and ranges from asymptomatic carrier status, through various degrees of diarrhea, to the most severe, life threatening colitis resulting with death. Diagnosis is based on direct detection of C. difficile toxins in feces, most commonly with the use of EIA assay, but no single test is suitable as a stand-alone test confirming CDI. Antibiotics of choice are vancomycin, fidaxomicin, and metronidazole, though metronidazole is considered as inferior. The goal of this review is to update physicians on current scientific knowledge of C. difficile infection, focusing also on fecal microbiota transplantation which is a promising therapy.

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Section: Risk Factors Associated With CDImentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Clinical Manifestationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Clostridium difficile infection: review

Czepiel

Dróźdź²,

Pituch

et al. 2019

Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis

476

391

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Data from the USA and Europe indicate a range from 10 to up to 90 cases of CDI per 10,000 hospitalizations annually [34]. Research conducted at the University Hospital in Kraków, Poland, in 2008-2014 showed that over 2/3 of patients diagnosed with C. difficile were infected during their stay in hospital [35]. Reports on the incidence rate of infectious diseases, infections and poisoning in Poland (Polish: Raporty ws.…”

Section: Annals Of Agricultural and Environmental Medicinementioning

confidence: 99%

Problems of <i>Clostridium difficile</i> infection (CDI) in Polish healthcare units

Kiersnowska¹,

Lemiech-Mirowska²,

Ginter-Kramarczyk³

et al. 2021

Ann Agric Environ Med.

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The issue of patient safety during the provision of health services poses a key challenge in health policy. The number of hospital-acquired infections (also known as HAI -Healthcare Associated Infection) determines the level of quality of health services provided in a given health facility. Effective management reinforced by the awareness of a team of medical professionals allows not only reduction in the hospital's finances, but also the frequency of adverse events, which undoubtedly include hospital-acquired infections. Good cooperation between departments and a Hospital Infection Control Committee is one of the key aspects that translates to the rapid identification of new epidemic outbreaks. Infections caused by strains of Clostridium difficile (CDI, Clostridium difficile infection) are one of the main factors responsible for the prolonged hospitalization of patients. In the United States, Clostridium difficile causes almost half a million infections annually, and its treatment costs are estimated at nearly $ 4.8 billion per year. In Poland, the number of CDI cases in 2018 was 11.592 (for comparison, in 2013 the number of infections caused by this bacterium was 4.728). Hospital environment, inappropriate antibiotic therapy and development of multi-drug resistant strains increase the risk of infections. In order to improve the safety of hospitalized patients, infection risk management should be a systemic, formalized activity integrated with the overall process of managing a health facility. It is necessary that central units have interest in creating effective tools to enable successful epidemiological supervision and the implementation of strategic assumptions of health policy in this area.

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“…Particular attention should be paid to critically ill patients who are at increased risk of developing diarrhoea. The disease makes treatment difficult, prolongs hospitalisation, but also exposes the patient to serious complications [21][22][23].…”

Section: Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clostridioides difficile infection in intensive care units in nursing practice

Fajfer-Gryz¹,

Nowak-Kózka²,

Rudek³

2020

ppiel

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Introduction: Patients hospitalised in intensive care units (ICU) are patients in severe health, who are at risk of serious hospital infections. Despite the development of medicine, developed procedures, management strategies, and high awareness of medical personnel, hospital infections are still a very big problem. One of the serious hospital infections is Clostridioides difficile, especially in ICU patients, which can even be fatal. The severity of the infection and its complications, which hamper treatment and care, are a challenge for the entire therapeutic team. At the same time, this infection is a major epidemiological threat and increases the cost of treatment. That is why the diagnosis of infection, the application of the recommended treatment, as well as the correct prevention are so important. The basis for preventing the spread of C. difficile infection is hand hygiene, the use of personal protective equipment, patient isolation, maintenance of disinfection, infected patient care, education of visitors, and monitoring and recording of infections. Aim of the study: Discussing current data on treatment in the presence of C. difficile infection and describing problems faced by ICU medical personnel. Conclusions: Following current recommendations for diagnosis and treatment and applying appropriate control procedures and methods contributes to preventing the spread of C. difficile infection in intensive care units.

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Epidemiology ofClostridium difficileinfection: results of a hospital-based study in Krakow, Poland

Cited by 28 publications

References 46 publications

Clostridium difficile infection: review

Clostridium difficile infection: review

Problems of <i>Clostridium difficile</i> infection (CDI) in Polish healthcare units

Clostridioides difficile infection in intensive care units in nursing practice

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