Epidemiology of HTLV‐i in gabon (western equatorial Africa)

Delaporte, Eric; Dupont, Alain; Peeters, Martine; Josse, R.; Merlin, M.; Schrijvers, Dirk; Hamono, B; Bedjabaga, L; H, Cheringou; Boyer, Franck; Brun‐Vézinet, Françoise; Larouzé, Bernard

doi:10.1002/ijc.2910420509

Cited by 65 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Using strict Western blot serological criteria, as well as specific molecular detection, we found an HTLV-1 prevalence of 5% in the Haut Ougoué region, compared with 0 to 2.1% in the four other provinces. A study published in 1988 indicated that HTLV-1 infection is endemic in Gabon, with an overall higher seroprevalence in adults (5 to 10% according to area) than in children (7). Furthermore, the prevalence of HTLV-1 infection in pregnant woman was reported previously to be 6.8 to 10% (51) on the basis of one epidemiological study performed in one region of the country (southeast).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

New Insights into Prevalence, Genetic Diversity, and Proviral Load of Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Types 1 and 2 in Pregnant Women in Gabon in Equatorial Central Africa

et al. 2008

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Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is highly endemic in areas of central Africa; mother-to-child transmission and sexual transmission are considered to be the predominant routes. To determine the prevalence and subtypes of HTLV-1/2 in pregnant women in Gabon, we conducted an epidemiological survey in the five main cities of the country. In 907 samples, the HTLV-1 seroprevalence was 2.1%, which is lower than that previously reported. Only one case of HTLV-2 infection was found. The HTLV-1 seroprevalence increased with age and differed between regions (P < 0.05), with the highest prevalence (5%) in the southeastern region. A wide range of HTLV-1 proviral loads was observed among the infected women. The level of the proviral load was correlated with a high HTLV-1 antibody titer (P < 0.02). Sequencing of HTLV-1 env and long terminal repeat fragments showed that all but one strain belonged to the central African subtype B; the outlier was of cosmopolitan subtype A. The new strains of subtype B exhibited wide genetic diversity, but there was no evidence of clustering of specific genomes within geographical regions of the country. Some strains were closely related to simian T-cell leukemia virus type 1 strains of great apes, suggesting that in these areas some HTLV-1 strains could arise from relatively recent interspecies transmission. The sole HTLV-2 strain belonged to subtype B. In this study we showed that the prevalence of HTLV-1 in the southeast is one of the highest in the world for pregnant women.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

New Insights into Prevalence, Genetic Diversity, and Proviral Load of Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Types 1 and 2 in Pregnant Women in Gabon in Equatorial Central Africa

et al. 2008

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“…The virus is endemic in southwestern Japan [66], Africa [67,68], the Caribbean Islands [69] and South America [70] and is frequently found in Melanesia, Papua New Guinea [71], Solomon Islands and Australian aborigines [62]. HTLV-1 also is prevalent in certain populations in the Middle East [72] and India [73,74].…”

Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Human T Lymphotropic Virus Type 1 (HTLV-1): Molecular Biology and Oncogenesis

Kannian

Green

2010

Viruses

113

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Human T lymphotropic viruses (HTLVs) are complex deltaretroviruses that do not contain a proto-oncogene in their genome, yet are capable of transforming primary T lymphocytes both in vitro and in vivo. There are four known strains of HTLV including HTLV type 1 (HTLV-1), HTLV-2, HTLV-3 and HTLV-4. HTLV-1 is primarily associated with adult T cell leukemia (ATL) and HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). HTLV-2 is rarely pathogenic and is sporadically associated with neurological disorders. There have been no diseases associated with HTLV-3 or HTLV-4 to date. Due to the difference in the disease manifestation between HTLV-1 and HTLV-2, a clear understanding of their individual pathobiologies and the role of various viral proteins in transformation should provide insights into better prognosis and prevention strategies. In this review, we aim to summarize the data accumulated so far in the transformation and pathogenesis of HTLV-1, focusing on the viral Tax and HBZ and citing appropriate comparisons to HTLV-2.

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“…11 Some strains belonged to the B subtype with isolates from Congo, Cameroon, and Central African Republic, 12 whereas others belonged to the widely dispersed A subtype.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

New Insights in HTLV-I Phylogeny by Sequencing and Analyzing the Entire Envelope Gene

Capdepont¹,

Londos‐Gagliardi²,

Joubert³

et al. 2005

AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses

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The HTLV-I envelope plays a major role in the process of target cell infection. It is implied in the recognition of the viral receptor(s), penetration of the viral genetic material, and induction of host immunity to the virus. It is thus important to study the genetic variability of the viral env gene as well as its variation in terms of evolution. In a new approach to these features, we sequenced the entire env gene of 65 HTLV-I isolates originating from Gabon, French Guiana, West Indies, and Iran, such isolates representing all major HTLVI phylums but the Australo-Melanesian one. The sequences obtained and all PTLV-I (HTLV-I and STLV-I) env sequences available in the literature were analyzed. Phylogenetic studies using different algorithms (minimum evolution, neighbor joining, maximum parsimony, and maximum likelihood) gave the same clear-cut results. Newly sequenced HTLV-I isolates described in this report allocated in three well-defined subtypes: Cosmopolitan, Central African, and a new distinct one that we termed "Maroni" subtype (present in the Maroni Basin, French Guiana, and West Indies). Clearly, the most divergent PTLV-I strains present in Asia- Australo-Melanesia as well as African and Asian STLV-I derived from the same node in the phylogenetic tree as isolates of the Central African subtype. In addition, we showed that within each PTLV-I subtype, groups of isolates may be characterized by nonrandom and systematically associated mutations.

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Epidemiology of HTLV‐i in gabon (western equatorial Africa)

Cited by 65 publications

References 12 publications

New Insights into Prevalence, Genetic Diversity, and Proviral Load of Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Types 1 and 2 in Pregnant Women in Gabon in Equatorial Central Africa

New Insights into Prevalence, Genetic Diversity, and Proviral Load of Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Types 1 and 2 in Pregnant Women in Gabon in Equatorial Central Africa

Human T Lymphotropic Virus Type 1 (HTLV-1): Molecular Biology and Oncogenesis

New Insights in HTLV-I Phylogeny by Sequencing and Analyzing the Entire Envelope Gene

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