Epidemiology of Hip Flexor and Hip Adductor Strains in National Collegiate Athletic Association Athletes, 2009/2010-2014/2015

Eckard, Timothy G.; Padua, Darin A.; Dompier, Thomas P.; Dalton, Sara L.; Thorborg, Kristian; Kerr, Zachary Y.

doi:10.1177/0363546517716179

Cited by 65 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…In contrast to our results, hip-flexor strains were more common than adductor strains in both NFL 1 and NCAA 7 football players, which may have reflected different methods and survey years. Previous researchers 7 determined that although NCAA football players had the highest annual estimates of adductor and hip-flexor strains, the highest incidence rates were in ice hockey and soccer athletes. An interrelationship between these injuries has been hypothesized, and thus, they may occur more often together than on their own.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…An interrelationship between these injuries has been hypothesized, and thus, they may occur more often together than on their own. 7 In our study, adductor (82.4%) and hip-flexor (72.29%) strains occurred most frequently from noncontact injuries. An explanation could be the forceful concentric and eccentric contraction of these muscles during acceleration, deceleration, and cutting.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 45%

“…An explanation could be the forceful concentric and eccentric contraction of these muscles during acceleration, deceleration, and cutting. 7 Even though the most common mechanism of injury among NCAA football players was contact with another player, earlier authors 1,2,7 studying the NFL and NCAA found that most adductor and hip-flexor injuries were attributed to noncontact mechanisms. These movements are common in the defensive backfield, and defensive backs in our study as well as those in the NFL were most often affected by adductor and flexor strains.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The NCAA-ISP is a prospective injury-surveillance program managed by the Datalys Center for Sports Injury Research and Prevention, Inc (Indianapolis, IN), an independent nonprofit research organization. 8 The methods of the NCAA-ISP have been described in depth [7][8][9][10][11] and are briefly summarized here.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among NCAA athletes, men's soccer players had the highest rates of hip-flexor and hip-adductor strains (3.77 per 10 000 AEs and 3.15 per 10 000 AEs, respectively), although football players had the highest absolute numbers (964 and 674, respectively). 7 The rate of hip injuries among NCAA football players has been reported, but research on the specific incidence of and risk factors for hip injuries in football players has been limited to professional athletes. In a National Football League (NFL) study, 1 hip injuries were a small but relevant percentage of the injuries incurred, accounting for 3.1% over a 10-year period.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Decade of Hip Injuries in National Collegiate Athletic Association Football Players: An Epidemiologic Study Using National Collegiate Athletic Association Surveillance Data

Makovicka

Chhabra

Patel

et al. 2019

Journal of Athletic Training

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Context The complex, high-energy nature of football puts players at risk for hip injuries. Objective To analyze National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Injury Surveillance Program data for men's football hip injuries from 2004–2005 through 2013–2014. Design Descriptive epidemiologic study. Setting National Collegiate Athletic Association football teams. Patients or Other Participants Data on collegiate football players was provided by the NCAA Injury Surveillance System from 2004–2005 through 2013–2014. Main Outcome Measure(s) The incidence, risk factors, rates, and distribution of hip injuries over the 10-year period from 2004–2005 through 2013–2014 were determined. Rates and distribution of injuries were analyzed by injury type, time loss, event type, time of season, recurrence, mechanism of injury, player position, and if surgery was required. Injury rate ratios were calculated to compare rates between event types and by time of season. Results A total of 1618 hip injuries occurred during 3 121 380 athlete-exposures (AEs), resulting in an overall hip injury rate of 5.18 per 10 000 AEs. Adductor strains (38.63%) were the most common type, followed by hip-flexor strains (28.55%) and hip contusions (18.23%). Players were 3.56 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 3.19, 3.98) times more likely to sustain a hip injury during competitions compared with practices. They were 2.37 (95% CI = 2.15, 2.62) and 3.56 (95% CI = 2.49, 5.08) times more likely to sustain a hip injury during the preseason than in-season or the postseason, respectively. Conclusions During the 10-year period, NCAA football players sustained higher rates of hip injuries during competitions and the preseason. The majority were noncontact injuries, resulted in time loss of less than 6 days, and did not require surgery. The injuries varied with player position and occurred most often to defensive backs. Muscle strains were the most frequent group of hip injuries, while adductor strains, hip-flexor strains, and hip contusions were the most common injury types.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 45%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Decade of Hip Injuries in National Collegiate Athletic Association Football Players: An Epidemiologic Study Using National Collegiate Athletic Association Surveillance Data

Makovicka

Chhabra

Patel

et al. 2019

Journal of Athletic Training

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Gender‐specific hip strength disparities correlate with injury patterns in NCAA men's and women's soccer players

Bakal,

Hussain,

Dzierzawski

et al. 2024

PM&R

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BackgroundIn National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) soccer athletes, men have higher rates of hip and groin strains, whereas women have higher rates of knee ligament injuries. Strength imbalances of the hip and thigh, specifically in agonist–antagonist muscles, are known risk factors for these injuries.ObjectiveTo perform hip and thigh strength assessments in NCAA soccer players to evaluate for differences between genders and correlations with gender‐specific injury patterns.DesignWith a handheld dynamometer, weight‐normalized isometric strength of six muscle groups (hip abductors, hip adductors, hip flexors, hip extensors, knee flexors, knee extensors) was calculated in NCAA soccer players. The strength ratio of each agonist–antagonist muscle was also calculated (hip abductors/adductors, hip flexors/extensors, knee extensors/flexors).ParticipantsThirty‐six NCAA soccer players (18 men, 18 women) from a single NCAA Division III institution.InterventionsNot applicable.Main Outcome MeasuresWeight‐normalized strength of six muscle groups and their agonist–antagonist strength ratios were compared between genders using linear mixed‐effects models.ResultsCompared with male players, female players had decreased weight‐normalized strength for hip abduction (0.170 vs. 0.204, p = .012) and hip extension (0.172 vs. 0.211, p = .021). Otherwise, weight‐normalized strength was similar between genders. When comparing agonist–antagonist strength ratios, there was a significant difference between female and male players for hip flexion:extension (1.70 vs. 1.35, p = .008), whereas the hip abduction: adduction ratio did not reach statistical significance (1.45 vs. 1.62, p = .080).ConclusionsNCAA male and female soccer players had different hip strength profiles that fit their injury patterns. Male NCAA soccer players have higher rates of hip and groin strains, and men in the cohort had strength ratios that were deficient in the hip flexors and adductors compared with women. Female NCAA soccer players have higher rates of knee sprains and anterior cruciate ligament tears, and women in the cohort had strength ratios that were deficient in the hip abductors and extensors, which function to stabilize the knee. These strength disparities could be the focus of future gender‐specific soccer injury prevention programs.

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Athletic Populations of Interest in Hip Arthroscopy and Hip Preservation Surgery

Chang

Frank

Mascarenhas

et al. 2021

Hip Arthroscopy and Hip Joint Preservation Surgery

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Epidemiology of Hip Flexor and Hip Adductor Strains in National Collegiate Athletic Association Athletes, 2009/2010-2014/2015

Cited by 65 publications

References 20 publications

A Decade of Hip Injuries in National Collegiate Athletic Association Football Players: An Epidemiologic Study Using National Collegiate Athletic Association Surveillance Data

A Decade of Hip Injuries in National Collegiate Athletic Association Football Players: An Epidemiologic Study Using National Collegiate Athletic Association Surveillance Data

Gender‐specific hip strength disparities correlate with injury patterns in NCAA men's and women's soccer players

Athletic Populations of Interest in Hip Arthroscopy and Hip Preservation Surgery

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