Epidemiology of Hamstring Strains in 25 NCAA Sports in the 2009-2010 to 2013-2014 Academic Years

Dalton, Sara L.; Kerr, Zachary Y.; Dompier, Thomas P.

doi:10.1177/0363546515599631

Cited by 129 publications

(117 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…At the same time, a larger proportion of quadriceps strains were recurrent in women compared with men, although the finding was not significant. These results differ from those of previous authors 15,31 who observed higher rates and larger proportions of recurrent hamstrings strains in men. The contrasting findings may be due to muscle-activation differences between the sexes.…”

Section: Sex Differencescontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…Only 3.3% were classified as severe, thus providing insufficient power to detect any sex differences. These findings parallel those reported by Dalton et al 15 regarding hamstrings injuries. Because we included quadriceps strains that were NTL, it is possible that some of the reported strains represented delayed-onset muscle soreness rather than a true muscle strain.…”

Section: Participation-restriction Timesupporting

confidence: 92%

“…These findings are consistent with those for other muscle strains examined in NCAA student-athletes and may be due to student-athletes entering the preseason with lower levels of conditioning and decreased muscle flexibility. 15 As previously mentioned, muscle-length asymmetries and strength imbalances in the antagonist groups are associated with an increased risk of muscle strains. 1,2,16,22,23 These asymmetries and imbalances may be greatest during the preaseason as athletes exit a period of decreased activity levels and adherence to prophylactic therapeutic exercise programs.…”

Section: Time In Seasonmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…By comparison, hamstrings strains, the most commonly strained muscle group in athletes, had an injury rate nearly 3 times that of quadriceps strains among collegiate student-athletes examined over approximately the same time period. 15 The differences noted are likely due to the variations in muscle morphology and function between these muscle groups. Muscles that cross 2 joints were excluded from figure (ie, men's and women's cross-country, ice hockey, swimming and diving, tennis, and outdoor track).…”

Section: Incidencementioning

confidence: 99%

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Epidemiology of Quadriceps Strains in National Collegiate Athletic Association Athletes, 2009–2010 Through 2014–2015

Eckard

Kerr

Padua

et al. 2017

Journal of Athletic Training

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academic years were analyzed. Quadriceps strain injury rates and injury rate ratios (IRRs) were reported with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).Results: Overall, 517 quadriceps strains were reported, resulting in an injury rate of 1.07/10 000 athlete-exposures (AEs). The sports with the highest overall quadriceps strain rates were women's soccer (5.61/10 000 AEs), men's soccer (2.52/ 10 000 AEs), women's indoor track (2.24/10 000 AEs), and women's softball (2.15/10 000 AEs). Across sex-comparable sports, women had a higher rate of quadriceps strains than men overall (1.97 versus 0.65/10 000 AEs; IRR ¼ 3.03; 95% CI ¼ 2.45, 3.76). The majority of quadriceps strains were sustained during practice (77.8%). However, the quadriceps strain rate was higher during competition than during practice (1.29 versus 1.02/10 000 AEs; IRR ¼ 1.27; 95% CI ¼ 1.03, 1.56). Most quadriceps strains occurred in the preseason (57.8%), and rates were higher during the preseason compared with the regular season (2.29 versus 0.63/10 000 AEs; IRR ¼ 3.60; 95% CI ¼ 3.02, 4.30). Common injury mechanisms were noncontact (63.2%) and overuse (21.9%). Most quadriceps strains restricted participation by less than 1 week (79.3%).Conclusions: Across 25 sports, higher quadriceps strain rates were found in women versus men, in competitions versus practices, and in the preseason versus the regular season. Most quadriceps strains were minor in severity, although further surveillance is needed to better examine the risk factors associated with incidence and severity.Key Words: injury surveillance, injury prevention, collegiate sports Key PointsThe highest rates of quadriceps strains were found in women's and men's soccer. Rates of quadriceps strains were higher in women versus men (in sex-comparable sports), in competitions versus practices, and in the preseason versus regular season.

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Section: Sex Differencescontrasting

confidence: 99%

Section: Participation-restriction Timesupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Time In Seasonmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Incidencementioning

confidence: 99%

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Epidemiology of Quadriceps Strains in National Collegiate Athletic Association Athletes, 2009–2010 Through 2014–2015

Eckard

Kerr

Padua

et al. 2017

Journal of Athletic Training

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“…For example, starting status has been identified as a significant contributor to lower extremity injury among collegiate football players, 28 and injury rates are consistently higher in competition than in practice. 5 This suggests that game exposure may be an important consideration when assessing injury risk. Consequently, not accounting for sex, sport, and athletic exposure when using screening tools such as the SEBT to evaluate injury risk may result in imprecise identification of at-risk athletes.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Star Excursion Balance Test Anterior Asymmetry Is Associated With Injury Status in Division I Collegiate Athletes

Stiffler¹,

Bell²,

Sanfilippo³

et al. 2017

Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy

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Study Design Retrospective cohort. Background Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT) performance differs by sport in healthy collegiate athletes, and lower extremity injury rates also vary by sport, sex, and athletic exposure. The relationship between SEBT performance and injury risk has not been evaluated with consideration of these additional variables, which may be necessary to fully describe the relationship between SEBT performance and injury risk. Objectives To assess the association between preseason SEBT performance and noncontact injury occurrence to the knee or ankle in Division I collegiate athletes when controlling for sport, sex, and athletic exposure. Methods Star Excursion Balance Test performance, starting status, and injury status were reviewed retrospectively in National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I collegiate athletes from a single institution. A total of 147 athletes were healthy at the time of preseason SEBT testing and either remained healthy (n = 118) or sustained a noncontact injury to the knee or ankle (n = 29) during their sport's subsequent competitive season. Side-to-side asymmetries were calculated in each direction as the absolute difference in reach distance between limbs. Star Excursion Balance Test reach distances and asymmetries were compared between groups using multivariable regression, controlling for sport, sex, and athletic exposure (starter, nonstarter). Receiver operating characteristic curves were used to determine optimal sensitivity and specificity for significant models. Results When controlling for sport, sex, and athletic exposure, SEBT side-to-side asymmetry in the anterior direction, expressed as an absolute or normalized to limb length, discriminated between injured and noninjured athletes (area under the curve greater than 0.82). Conclusion Assessing side-to-side reach asymmetry in the anterior direction of the SEBT may assist in identifying collegiate athletes who are at risk for sustaining noncontact injuries to the knee or ankle. Level of Evidence Prognosis, level 2b. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2017;47(5):339–346. Epub 29 Mar 2017. doi:10.2519/jospt.2017.6974

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Biomechanics of Musculoskeletal Injuries

Getgood

Hoshino

Roessler

et al. 2019

The Sports Medicine Physician

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Epidemiology of Hamstring Strains in 25 NCAA Sports in the 2009-2010 to 2013-2014 Academic Years

Cited by 129 publications

References 27 publications

Epidemiology of Quadriceps Strains in National Collegiate Athletic Association Athletes, 2009–2010 Through 2014–2015

Epidemiology of Quadriceps Strains in National Collegiate Athletic Association Athletes, 2009–2010 Through 2014–2015

Star Excursion Balance Test Anterior Asymmetry Is Associated With Injury Status in Division I Collegiate Athletes

Biomechanics of Musculoskeletal Injuries

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