Epidemiology of hairy cell leukemia in Iceland

Kristinsson, Sigurður Y.; Viðarsson, Brynjar; Agnarsson, Bjarni A.; Haraldsdóttir, Vilhelmína; Ólafsson, Ö; Johannesson, G.; Eyjolfsson, Gudmundur I.; Bjornsdottir, Johanna; Önundarson, Páll T.; Reykdal, Sigrun

doi:10.1038/sj.thj.6200167

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Overall patient characteristics are summarized in Table 2. As expected from previously published reports [20,21], the disease demonstrated a marked male predominance (M/F ratio >4) and affected mostly middle age to older individuals (median age 56). Approximately 20% of HCL cases demonstrated aberrant expression of CD10 on at least 10% of abnormal population (expression ranged from uniform to variable).…”

Section: Characteristics Of the Study Group And Hcl Immunophenotypesupporting

confidence: 89%

Frequency of additional clonal populations detected by high sensitivity flow cytometry in patients with hairy cell leukemia

Roshal

Cherian

2012

J Hematopathol

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Samples from 115 patients with hairy cell leukemia (HCL) were analyzed by high sensitivity flow cytometry for evidence of an additional B cell or plasma cell clone. We found that 10.4% of HCL patients harbored an additional clonal population in either peripheral blood or bone marrow. Among the patients with additional clones, 58% had the second population present at the time of HCL diagnosis and 42% developed the second clone in a subsequent sample. Half of the clonal populations identified represented true disease entities rather than a monoclonal B lymphocytosis (MBL) or monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS). The frequency of MBL and MGUS was similar to that reported in the general population, but the frequency of B cell-derived malignancies appears increased in the HCL cohort. Compared to patients without additional clones, the patients with second clones were older (median age 66 vs. 55 years old). Patients over age 60 were at higher risk for a second clone (18.2% vs. 5.6%, OR 3.7, P<0.05). Among the patients with a second clone, 75% had second B cell clone, 42% had a plasma cell clone, and 17% had both. We have also identified a clear case of bi-clonal HCL; a finding not previously reported using contemporary diagnostic criteria. We conclude that second clonal expansions are relatively common in patients with HCL, in particular in older patients, and may represent clinically significant neoplasms.

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Section: Characteristics Of the Study Group And Hcl Immunophenotypesupporting

confidence: 89%

Frequency of additional clonal populations detected by high sensitivity flow cytometry in patients with hairy cell leukemia

Roshal

Cherian

2012

J Hematopathol

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“…Indeed, exposure to farm animals, pesticides, organic chemicals, and petrol or diesel fuel have been found to be positively associated with HCL (Oleske et al, 1985;Clavel et al, 1995Clavel et al, , 1996Nordstrom et al, 1998). Similar to other studies (Bernstein et al, 1990;Staines & Cartwright, 1993;Groves et al, 1998;Au et al, 2000;Kristinsson et al, 2002;Morton et al, 2006;Paltiel et al, 2006), we demonstrated that HCL predominates in men and also showed that age-specific incidence and age distributions-at-diagnosis differed significantly from those in women. Distinct exposures, timing of exposures and associated latency periods, and/or gene-environment interactions could account for the gender differences we observed in the age distribution patterns of HCL.…”

Section: (A) (B) (C)supporting

confidence: 76%

“…To date there have been few population-based studies of HCL (Bernstein et al, 1990;Staines & Cartwright, 1993;Groves et al, 1998;Kristinsson et al, 2002;Morton et al, 2006;Paltiel et al, 2006). Standard descriptive techniques, such as ageadjusted temporal trends and age-specific incidence rates, also have rarely been applied to the same HCL population (Bernstein et al, 1990).…”

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confidence: 99%

Hairy cell leukaemia: a heterogeneous disease?

et al. 2008

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SummaryThe US National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results program was used to develop aetiological clues for hairy cell leukaemia (HCL). Descriptive techniques (age-adjusted incidence trends, age-specific incidence rates (IR), and age distributions-at-diagnosis) were supplemented with mathematical models (two-component mixture, generalized linear regression, and age-period-cohort). There were 2856 cases of HCL diagnosed during 1978-2004 (IR 0AE32/100 000 person-years). IRs were nearly 4-fold greater among men than women and more than 3-fold higher for Whites than Blacks. Temporal trends were stable over time. Agespecific IRs increased rapidly until approximately 40 years then rose at a slower pace. The age-specific IR curves reflected bimodal early-and lateonset age distributions-at-diagnosis (or density plots), with some variation by gender. Among both men and women, a two-component mixture model fitted the data better than a single density or cancer population. Age-periodcohort models confirmed statistically significant age-related effects after full adjustment for temporal trends (calendar-period and birth-cohort effects). In summary, age incidence patterns (rates and bimodal densities) suggested that HCL is a heterogeneous disease, consisting of at least two underlying subgroups and/or cancer populations by age-at-onset. Distinct early-and late-onset HCL populations may reflect different age-related causal pathways, risk factor profiles, and/or stem cells of origin.

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“…HCL has been found to be very rare in Mexican adults, but with a geographic predilection for farming regions (11). Other countries with low incidence rates include Hong Kong (0.35 per million/yr) (12), whereas in Iceland the reported population incidence was 4.7 per million (13).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%