Epidemiology of FASD in a Province in Italy: Prevalence and Characteristics of Children in a Random Sample of Schools

May, Philip A.; Fiorentino, Daniela; Gossage, J. Phillip; Kalberg, Wendy O.; Hoyme, H. Eugene; Robinson, Luther K.; Coriale, Giovanna; Jones, Kenneth Lyons; Campo, Miguel del; Tarani, Luigi; Romeo, Marina; Kodituwakku, Piyadasa; Deiana, Luca; Buckley, David; Ceccanti, Mauro

doi:10.1111/j.1530-0277.2006.00188.x

Cited by 149 publications

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“…[56][57][58][59][60][61] Recruitment of mothers to obtain maternal risk data posed significant challenges for the interviewers. Therefore, variables that differentiate maternal risk in this population were not as evident or readily obtained in this US population or in our Italian studies 15,16 as elsewhere. [23][24][25] Individualized risk for FASD via genetic and epigenetic factors may be more important to explore in this and similar middle and upper SES populations than the more generalized lower SES and childbearing risk factors of higher prevalence populations.…”

Section: Maternal Risk Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Not only the cardinal facial features, but other facial measurements and minor anomalies are also important discriminators of FASD. Based on this study and other population-based studies, [10][11][12][13]15,16 other minor anomalies, such as those shown in Table 2, are reflected in the total dysmorphology score, which differentiates well the FASD diagnostic groups. Minor anomalies play an important role in identifying affected children.…”

Section: Physical Characteristics Of the Childrenmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…8 More current estimates of the prevalence of FAS in the US general population range from 0.2 to 7 per 1000 children, 5 and 2% to 5% for the entire continuum of FASD. 5,9 One approach used successfully to determine the minimal prevalence of FASD in communities in South Africa, [10][11][12][13][14] Italy, 15,16 and Croatia 17,18 uses active case ascertainment in schools. Providing targeted physical examinations and cognitive/ behavioral testing to primary school children [19][20][21][22] and interviewing their mothers [23][24][25] can be effective for studying FASD prevalence and characteristics.…”

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Prevalence and Characteristics of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders

et al. 2014

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WHAT'S KNOWN ON THIS SUBJECT: Most studies of fetal alcohol syndrome and fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) prevalence in the general population of the United States have been carried out using passive methods (surveillance or clinicbased studies), which underestimate rates of FASD. WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS:Using active case ascertainment methods among children in a representative middle class community, rates of fetal alcohol syndrome and total FASD are found to be substantially higher than most often cited estimates for the general US population. abstract OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence and characteristics of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) among first grade students (6-to 7-year-olds) in a representative Midwestern US community. METHODS:From a consented sample of 70.5% of all first graders enrolled in public and private schools, an oversample of small children (#25th percentile on height, weight, and head circumference) and randomly selected control candidates were examined for physical growth, development, dysmorphology, cognition, and behavior. The children's mothers were interviewed for maternal risk. RESULTS:Total dysmorphology scores differentiate significantly fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) and partial FAS (PFAS) from one another and from unexposed controls. Alcohol-related neurodevelopmental disorder (ARND) is not as clearly differentiated from controls. Children who had FASD performed, on average, significantly worse on 7 cognitive and behavioral tests and measures. The most predictive maternal risk variables in this community are late recognition of pregnancy, quantity of alcoholic drinks consumed 3 months before pregnancy, and quantity of drinking reported for the index child's father. From the final multidisciplinary case findings, 3 techniques were used to estimate prevalence. FAS in this community likely ranges from 6 to 9 per 1000 children (midpoint, 7.5), PFAS from 11 to 17 per 1000 children (midpoint, 14), and the total rate of FASD is estimated at 24 to 48 per 1000 children, or 2.4% to 4.8% (midpoint, 3.6%). (Continued on last page) CONCLUSIONS:

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Section: Maternal Risk Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Physical Characteristics Of the Childrenmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence and Characteristics of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders

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“…The active case ascertainment method has been employed in epidemiological studies of FASD conducted in the USA [11] and a number of other countries, including South Africa [32], Italy [38], and Croatia [39]. Unlike the surveillance method described above, the active case ascertainment approach has targeted all potential participants in a given population.…”

Section: The Active Case Ascertainment Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Children With Prenatal Alcohol Exposure

Coriale¹,

Fiorentino²,

Kodituwakku

et al. 2014

Curr Dev Disord Rep

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The term "fetal alcohol spectrum disorders" (FASD) denotes the broad spectrum of morphological changes and functional deficits seen in children exposed to alcohol prenatally. While some children on the spectrum show the characteristic pattern of malformations called "fetal alcohol syndrome" (FAS), a significant proportion of alcohol-exposed children do not evidence clinically identifiable morphological alterations. The term "alcohol-related neurodevelopmental disorder" (ARND) is used to label the latter group. The identification of children with ARND has proven to be challenging because of the lack of clinically discernable physical signs. Therefore, some investigators have used the strategy of assessing maternal drinking during pregnancy and then tracking developmental outcomes in offspring longitudinally. Other methods that investigators have utilized to identify children with prenatal alcohol exposure in population-based studies include multi-source surveillance and active case ascertainment. In the current review, we discuss the merits and demerits of these methodologies and then present novel methods of identifying prenatal alcohol exposure (e.g., biomarkers) and subtle effects of morphological alterations and neural effects (e.g., neuroimaging).

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“…In Italy, the prevalence of FAS is 3.7-7.4/1,000 births (May et al, 2006). However, in developing countries, such as South Africa, the numbers are very high, and the rate varies between 68 and 89.2/1,000 births (May et al, 2007).…”

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Aspectos Cognitivos da Síndrome Fetal Alcoólica em Adultos Jovens: Dois Estudos de Caso

Andrade¹,

Micheli²,

Fisberg³

2013

Inter. Psicol.

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Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) includes a specific pattern of cognitive deficits, including language and speech disorders. Two adult participants were studied by means of the Examination of Language Test and a battery of complementary tests to evaluate oral and written language. Our data indicated great results of the participant who had psychopedagogical and speech-language assistance than the other who did not receive none intervention. These findings suggest that early diagnosis and intervention are crucial to minimize sequelae in FAS. Keywords: sexuality; fetal alcohol syndrome; language evaluation; early intervention. RESUMO Aspectos Cognitivos da Síndrome Fetal Alcoólica em Adultos Jovens: Dois Estudos de CasoA Síndrome Fetal Alcóolica (SFA) inclui um padrão de déficit cognitivo, incluindo alterações de linguagem e fala. Estudou-se dois participantes adultos que foram diagnosticados com SFA na infância por meio do Teste de Exame de Linguagem e de uma bateria de testes complementares para avaliar aspectos da linguagem oral e escrita. Os dados indicaram que o participante que recebeu uma intervenção psicopedagógica apresentou melhores resultados que aquele que não tinha recebido nenhuma intervenção. Estes achados indicam que um diagnóstico precoce é fundamental para minimizar as sequelas da SFA. Palavras-chave: Síndrome fetal alcóolica; avaliação da linguagem; intervenção precoce. *

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Epidemiology of FASD in a Province in Italy: Prevalence and Characteristics of Children in a Random Sample of Schools

Abstract: Using careful measures of ascertainment in a primary school setting, these results provide relatively high estimates of the prevalence of FASD and raise the question of whether FASD is more common in the western world than previously estimated.

Cited by 149 publications

References 31 publications

Prevalence and Characteristics of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders

Prevalence and Characteristics of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders

Identification of Children With Prenatal Alcohol Exposure

Aspectos Cognitivos da Síndrome Fetal Alcoólica em Adultos Jovens: Dois Estudos de Caso

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