Epidemiology of falciparum malaria among residents of some rural and peri- urban communities in Ekiti State, Southwestern Nigeria

O.B., Awosolu

doi:10.47665/tb.38.1.003

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Furthermore, our findings revealed that P. falciparum was the only Plasmodium species encountered in this study. This is similar to the report of studies conducted in Ekiti and Ibadan, southwestern Nigeria 53,54 and other malaria endemic settings. 32,55,56 This is due to the fact that P. falciparum is a dominant Plasmodium species in Nigeria and Africa.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Prevalence, Parasite Density and Determinants of Falciparum Malaria Among Febrile Children in Some Peri-Urban Communities in Southwestern Nigeria: A Cross-Sectional Study

Awosolu¹,

Yahaya²,

Termizi³

2021

IDR

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Background Malaria remains a serious public health problem worldwide, particularly in tropical and subtropical regions, including Nigeria. This study investigates the prevalence, parasite density and determinants of malaria among symptomatic children in some peri-urban communities in southwestern Nigeria. Methods This was a randomized cross-sectional and hospital-based study. The standard method of microscopy was employed. Thick and thin films were prepared and viewed under a light microscope to identify and quantify malaria parasites. A well-structured and pre-tested questionnaire was used to obtain the subject’s information on the demographic, socio-economic and environmental variables. Results A total of 380 (71.7%) participants were infected with Plasmodium falciparum with a mean parasite density of 1857.11 parasite/µL of blood. Malaria prevalence and mean parasite density were significantly higher among male compared to their female counterparts [80.3% vs 61.4% and 2026.46 vs 1619.63 parasite/µL of blood]. Similarly, age group ≤5 years had the highest malaria prevalence (92.2%) and mean parasite density (2031.66 parasite/µL of blood) than other age groups (AOR 2.281, 95% CI: 1.187–4.384, P < 0.05). The multivariate logistic analysis showed that malaria disease is significantly associated with having mother with no formal education (AOR 12.235, 95% CI: 3.253–46.021, P < 0.05), having well and river as a major source of household water supply (AOR 13.810, 95% CI: 3.012–63.314, P < 0.05 vs AOR 5.639, 95% CI: 1.455–21.853, P < 0.05) and presence of stagnant water around home (AOR 5.22, 95% CI: 2.921–9.332, P < 0.05). Furthermore, protective factors observed include ownership of mosquito bed net (AOR 0.474, 95% CI: 0.223–1.008, P < 0.05) and distance of home to hospital (AOR 0.279, 95% CI: 0.158–0.493, P < 0.05). Conclusion Malaria remains a serious public health problem in the study area. Adopting integrated malaria control measures including educating parents on malaria prevention and control strategies, distributing mosquito bed nets, and establishing larvae source management program is highly imperative.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Prevalence, Parasite Density and Determinants of Falciparum Malaria Among Febrile Children in Some Peri-Urban Communities in Southwestern Nigeria: A Cross-Sectional Study

Awosolu¹,

Yahaya²,

Termizi³

2021

IDR

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“…The higher exposure to mosquitoes in Simiw is likely due to the influence of environmental factors such as having large areas of stagnant water, which serves as mosquito breeding sites. Also, individuals from Obom are more urban and likely to protect themselves from mosquito bites [ 30 , 31 ]. The increased levels of IgG to gSG6-P1 in women at both study sites was surprising as it has previously been suggested that different behaviour of men, including staying outdoors after dark predisposes them to more frequent encounters with mosquitoes [ 32 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mosquito bites and stage-specific antibody responses against Plasmodium falciparum in southern Ghana

Kwapong

Asare

Kusi

et al. 2023

Malar J

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Background The human host elicits specific immune responses after exposure to various life stages of the malaria parasite as well as components of mosquito saliva injected into the host during a mosquito bite. This study describes differences in IgG responses against antigens derived from the sporozoite (PfCSP), asexual stage parasite (PfEBA175) and the gametocyte (Pfs230), in addition to an Anopheles gambiae salivary gland antigen (gSG6-P1), in two communities in Ghana with similar blood stage malaria parasite prevalence. Methods This study used archived plasma samples collected from an earlier cross-sectional study that enrolled volunteers aged from 6 months to 70 years from Simiw, peri-urban community (N = 347) and Obom, rural community (N = 291). An archived thick and thin blood smear for microscopy was used for the estimation of Plasmodium parasite density and species and DNA extraction from blood spots and P. falciparum confirmation was performed using PCR. This study used the stored plasma samples to determine IgG antibody levels to P. falciparum and Anopheles salivary antigens using indirect ELISA. Results Individuals from Simiw had significantly higher levels of IgG against mosquito gSG6-P1 [median (95%CI)] [2.590 (2.452–2.783) ng/mL] compared to those from Obom [2.119 (1.957–2.345) ng/mL], p < 0.0001. Both IgG responses against Pfs230proC (p = 0.0006), and PfCSP (p = 0.002) were significantly lower in volunteers from Simiw compared to the participants from Obom. The seroprevalence of PfEBA-175.5R (p = 0.8613), gSG6-P1 (p = 0.0704), PfCSP (p = 0.7798) IgG were all similar in Obom and Simiw. However, Pfs230 seroprevalence was significantly higher at Obom compared to Simiw (p = 0.0006). Spearman correlation analysis showed no significant association between IgG responses against gSG6-P1, PfCSP, Pfs230proC and PfEBA-175.5R and parasite density at both Obom and Simiw (p > 0.05). Conclusion In conclusion, the study showed that participants from Simiw had higher concentrations of circulating gSG6-P1 IgG antibodies but lower concentrations of P. falciparum antibodies, PfCSP IgG and Pfs230proC IgG compared to participants from Obom.

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Mosquito bites and stages specific antibody responses againstPlasmodium falciparumin southern Ghana

Kwapong

Asare

Kusi

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Background: The human host elicits specific immune responses after exposure to various life stages of the malaria parasite as well as components of mosquito saliva injected into the host during a mosquito bite. This study describes differences in IgG responses against antigens derived from the sporozoite (PfCSP), asexual stage parasite (PfEBA175) and the gametocyte (Pfs230) in addition to an Anopheles gambiae salivary gland antigen (gSG6-P1) in two communities in Ghana with similar blood stage malaria parasite prevalence. Methodology: This study used archived plasma samples collected from an earlier cross-sectional study that enrolled volunteers aged from 6 months to 70 years from Simiw, peri-urban community (N=347) and Obom, rural community (N=291). An archived thick and thin blood smear for microscopy was used for the estimation of Plasmodium parasite density and species and DNA extraction from blood spots and P. falciparum confirmation was performed using PCR. This study used the stored plasma samples to determine IgG antibody levels to Plasmodium falciparum and Anopheles salivary antigens using indirect ELISA. Results: Individuals from Simiw had significantly higher levels of IgG against mosquito gSG6-P1 (median (95%CI)) (2.590 (2.452-2.783) ng/mL) compared to those from Obom (2.119 (1.957-2.345) ng/mL), p<0.0001. Both IgG responses against Pfs230proC (p=0.0006), and PfCSP (p=0.002) were significantly lower in volunteers from Simiw compared to the participants from Obom. The seroprevalence of PfEBA-175.5R (p=0.8613), gSG6-P1 (p=0.0704), PfCSP (p=0.7798) IgG were all similar in Obom and Simiw. However, Pfs230 seroprevalence was significantly higher at Obom compared to Simiw (p=0.0006). Spearman correlation analysis showed no significant association between IgG responses against gSG6-P1, PfCSP, Pfs230proC and PfEBA-175.5R and parasite density at both Obom and Simiw (p>0.05). Conclusion: In conclusion, malaria transmission dynamics is highly complex. The similar malaria transmission intensity identified in the two communities resulted from a different combination of vector, environmental and host factors. With one community likely having a higher prevalence of uninfected mosquitoes and the other a larger reservoir of gametocyte carriers.

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Epidemiology of falciparum malaria among residents of some rural and peri- urban communities in Ekiti State, Southwestern Nigeria

Cited by 3 publications

References 47 publications

Prevalence, Parasite Density and Determinants of Falciparum Malaria Among Febrile Children in Some Peri-Urban Communities in Southwestern Nigeria: A Cross-Sectional Study

Prevalence, Parasite Density and Determinants of Falciparum Malaria Among Febrile Children in Some Peri-Urban Communities in Southwestern Nigeria: A Cross-Sectional Study

Mosquito bites and stage-specific antibody responses against Plasmodium falciparum in southern Ghana

Mosquito bites and stages specific antibody responses againstPlasmodium falciparumin southern Ghana

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