Epidemiology of esophageal cancer

Abstract

Esophageal cancer (EsC) is one of the least studied and deadliest cancers worldwide because of its extremely aggressive nature and poor survival rate. It ranks sixth among all cancers in mortality. In retrospective studies of EsC, smoking, hot tea drinking, red meat consumption, poor oral health, low intake of fresh fruit and vegetables, and low socioeconomic status have been associated with a higher risk of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Barrett's esophagus is clearly recognized as a risk factor for EsC, and dysplasia remains the only factor useful for identifying patients at increased risk, for the development of esophageal adenocarcinoma in clinical practice. Here, we investigated the epidemiologic patterns and causes of EsC. Using population based cancer data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results Program of the United States; we generated the most up-to-date stage distribution and 5-year relative survival by stage at diagnosis for 1998-2009. Special note should be given to the fact that esophageal cancer, mainly adenocarcinoma, is one of the very few cancers that is contributing to increasing death rates (20%) among males in the United States. To further explore the mechanism of development of EsC will hopefully decrease the incidence of EsC and improve outcomes.© 2013 Baishideng. All rights reserved.Key words: Risk factor; Barrett's esophagus; Cyclin D1 G870A; Esophageal neoplasm; Susceptibility; Polymorphism Core tip: Here, we investigated the epidemiologic patterns and causes of esophageal cancer. Using population based cancer data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results Program of the United States; we generated the most up-to-date stage distribution and 5-year relative survival by stage at diagnosis for

Pattern of esophageal cancer in tertiary care hospital in North India: a clinicopathological study

“…15 Adenocarcinoma of the esophagus occurs in the distal esophagus approximately three-fourth of the time with Barrett's esophagus being the most frequent predisposing risk factor. 16 The chronic reflux of gastric acid and bile at gastroesophageal junction and subsequent damage to esophagus has been implicated in the pathogenesis of Barrett's metaplasia (Figure 4). In present study, out of 101 cases, 47 cases of esophageal cancer comprising 46.5% were seen in fifth and sixth decade of life.…”

Esophageal Cancer in Sudan: Demographic and Histopathlogical Variations

“…Unfortunately, taking the variation in epidemiology of EC, especially in developing countries, serious budgetary constraints and competition with the demands of other endemic diseases, cancer control programmes need to make wise choices to maximise the efficacy of any therapeutic or preventive measures [22].…”

Prognostic value of MLH1 promoter methylation in male patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

“…Tobacco and alcohol consumption are the predominant risk factors for ESCC (6,7). In addition, accumulating epidemiological studies indicated an association between obesity and EC (2,(8)(9)(10).…”

“…Esophageal cancer (EC) is a lethal disease that presents a global health threat to humans (1) particularly in developing countries, including China (2). A major histological subtype of EC is esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) (3).…”