Epidemiology of EHV-1 and EHV-4 in the mare and foal populations on a Hunter Valley stud farm: are mares the source of EHV-1 for unweaned foals

Gilkerson, James R.; Whalley, J. M.; Drummer, Heidi E.; Studdert, M. J.; Love, Daria N.

doi:10.1016/s0378-1135(99)00058-9

Cited by 88 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…22 Although true seroprevalence against EHV-1 is difficult to determine because of widespread use of EHV vaccines in horses, recent evidence supports that exposure to EHV-1 is common during the first year of life, implicating the dam as the primary source for EHV-1 exposure in suckling foals. 4,5 As with other a-herpesviruses, primary exposure is often followed by life-long latent infection in recovered horses. Periodic reactivation of latent infections can lead to viral shedding and horizontal transmission.…”

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confidence: 99%

Investigation of the Molecular Detection of Vaccine-Derived Equine Herpesvirus Type 1 in Blood and Nasal Secretions from Horses Following Intramuscular Vaccination

et al. 2007

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Abstract. The objective of this study was to investigate whether intramuscular vaccination of healthy adult horses with a killed or a modified live equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) vaccine could induce transient positive PCR results in either blood or secretions collected on a nasopharyngeal swab. Four horses in each group received either a single killed or a modified-live vaccine intramuscularly. Two local commingled and 2 distant nonvaccinated controls were included for each group. All horses were observed daily for evidence of clinical abnormalities throughout the study periods. Blood and nasopharyngeal swabs were collected twice before vaccination and once weekly for 4 weeks after vaccination and submitted for PCR testing for EHV-1 by 2 independent laboratories using different real-time PCR methodologies. Serum samples collected from all horses on the vaccination day and 21 days later were tested for antibodies against EHV-1 using a serum neutralization test. Whereas the 2 vaccine strains tested positive in both EHV-1 PCR assays, nasopharyngeal swabs and whole blood collected from vaccinated and control horses had negative PCR test results for EHV-1 during the entire study period. Serum neutralization testing revealed a 2-to 4-fold increase in titers for all vaccinated horses, whereas titers in control horses were largely unchanged. The use of seropositive horses before immunization and the sampling frequency of 7 days may have prevented the occasional molecular detection of the vaccine virus in whole blood and nasopharyngeal secretions. However, the study results demonstrate that detection of EHV-1 DNA by PCR in vaccinated and unvaccinated healthy horses is not a common event.

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confidence: 99%

Investigation of the Molecular Detection of Vaccine-Derived Equine Herpesvirus Type 1 in Blood and Nasal Secretions from Horses Following Intramuscular Vaccination

et al. 2007

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“…There was also a higher percentage of female positivity [54.5% (36/66)], indicating a possible role of the mares in the maintenance of the viral agent in the equine population, which is evident in the transmission of herpesvirus during primary infection in nursing foals (GILKERSON et al, 1999).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence of viral diseases in donkeys (Equus asinus) in São Paulo State, Brazil

Lara

Villalobos

Cunha

et al. 2017

Braz. J. Vet. Res. Anim. Sci.

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Among the diseases that affect equines, viral diseases play an important role from a health and economic point of view, especially influenza, viral arteritis, herpes infections and vesicular stomatitis. In the Brazilian literature, there is little or no account of the occurrence of infectious diseases in donkeys. Given the importance of donkeys in different activities and the lack of information on infections that may occur in these animals, the aim of this study was to determine the frequency of anti-equine herpesvirus (EHV), anti-equine arteritis virus (EAV), anti-vesicular stomatitis, and anti-equine influenza (H3N8) antibodies in the serum of 85 donkeys bred in some regions of the state of São Paulo. We found the following antibody frequencies: 50.6% (43/85) antibodies against influenza virus subtype H3N8, 47% (40/85) anti-EHV, and 20% (17/85) anti-EAV. The donkeys were not seropositive for vesicular stomatitis. The results suggested that the agents EHV, EAV, and equine influenza subtype H3N8 circulate among donkeys in some regions of the state of São Paulo, Brazil, reinforcing the importance of establishing a routine diagnosis and epidemiological study of this species. Keywords: Donkeys. Equids. Serology. Infectious diseases. Brazil. ResumoDentre as doenças que acometem os equídeos, as enfermidades virais assumem um papel importante do ponto de vista sanitário e econômico, especialmente a influenza, arterite viral, as infecções herpéticas e a estomatite vesicular. Na literatura nacional, existe pouco ou nenhum relato sobre a ocorrência de enfermidades infecciosas nos asininos. Tendo em vista a importância dos asininos para diferentes atividades e a falta de informações sobre as doenças que acometem esses animais, este trabalho teve como objetivo estudar a frequência de anticorpos anti-EHV, antivírus da arterite equina, anti-estomatite vesicular e anti-influenza equina (H3N8) em 85 soros de jumentos criados no estado de São Paulo. Estimou-se que 50,6% apresentavam anticorpos contra o subtipo H3N8 do vírus da influenza; 47% (40/85) apresentavam anticorpos contra o EHV e 20% apresentavam anticorpos contra o vírus da arterite. Os jumentos não foram soro reagentes contra a estomatite vesicular. Os resultados obtidos sugerem que os agentes EHV, vírus da arterite equina e influenza equina subtipo H3N8, circulam entre os jumentos do estado de São Paulo, caracterizando a importância do estabelecimento de uma rotina diagnóstica e estudos epidemiológicos na espécie. Palavras-chave: Asininos. Equídeos. Sorologia. Enfermidades infecciosas. Brasil. | 155Braz.

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“…Several epidemiological investigations have been performed to elucidate the prevalence of EHV-1 and EHV-4 on a global-scale. Seroprevalence rates for EHV-1 and EHV-4 were reported to be between 8% and 85.2% (4,8,10,12,14) and over ~90%, respectively (8,12). The seroprevalences of EHV-1 and EHV-4 were previously reported to be 14.5% and 81.7%, respectively, for the sampled horse population in Turkey (3).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both viruses are transmitted via aerosol droplets and direct contact between infected and naïve animals (9,13). Epidemic or sporadic abortions and perinatal/neonatal deaths give rise to considerable economic losses in the equine industry (8).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroepidemiological studies of equine herpesviruses 1 (EHV-1) and 4 (EHV-4) infections in working horses from the eastern Turkey

Soydal¹,

Bilge-Dagalp²,

Başaran³

et al. 2010

Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi

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Summary:The objective of this research was to determine the presence of equine herpesvirus types 1 (EHV-1) and 4 (EHV-4) antibodies in local horses from five provinces in the East Anatolia region of Turkey. Blood samples were collected from 405 nonvaccinated horses living in Van, Bitlis, Muş, Erzurum, and Iğdır, and were analyzed via a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). EHV-1-and EHV-4-specific antibodies were detected in 94 (23.2%) and 316 (78.0%) of the 405 tested sera, respectively. The seropositivity percentages for EHV-1-specific antibodies by province were as follows: 29.5% in Van,6.1% in Bitlis, 5.1% in Muş, 24.0% in Iğdır, and 20.6% in Erzurum. EHV-4-specific antibodies were detected at levels of 87.2% in Van, 61.2% in Bitlis, 56.4% in Muş, 84.0% in Iğdır, and 52.9% in Erzurum. The present investigation demonstrated that EHV-1 and EHV-4 infections were more prevalent in the indigenous horse population from five provinces in the East Anatolia region of Turkey. Also, this data on the high seropositivity of both infections in two provinces (Van and Iğdır) along the eastern border of Turkey may be also serve as a risk indicator for future introductions of some transboundary diseases via border trade.Key words: Antibody, equine herpesvirus type-1, equine herpesvirus type-4, Turkey. Türkiye'nin doğu illerindeki yük atlarında at herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1) ve 4 (EHV-4) infeksiyonlarının seroepidemiyolojisiÖzet: Bu araştırmada, Türkiye'nin Doğu Anadolu bölgesinde yer alan 5 ilde kullanılan lokal ırk atlarda, at herpesvirus tip-1 (EHV-1) ve 4 (EHV-4)'e karşı oluşmuş antikorların varlığının belirlenmesi amaçlandı. Van, Bitlis, Muş, Erzurum ve Iğdır illerindeki aşılanmamış toplam 405 attan toplanan kan örnekleri ticari bir ELISA kiti ile test edildi. Test edilen serumların, 94 adedi (%23.2) EHV-1; 316 adedi ise (%78) EHV-4 antikorları yönünden pozitif bulundu. İllere göre EHV-1 seropozitiflik oranları; Van'da %29.5, Bitlis'te %6.1, Muş'ta %5.1, Iğdır'da %24 ve Erzurum'da %20.6 olarak tespit edilirken, EHV-4 için seropozitiflik oranları; Van'da %87.2, Bitlis'te %61.2, Muş'ta %56.4, Iğdır'da %84 ve Erzurum'da %52.9 olarak saptandı. Bu araştırma, EHV-1 ve EHV-4 infeksiyonlarının Doğu Anadolu bölgesine ait 5 ildeki lokal at populasyonlarında oldukça yaygın olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Ayrıca, Türkiye'nin doğu sınırında yer alan iki ilde (Van ve Iğdır) her iki infeksiyona karşı belirlenen yüksek seropozitifliğin, gelecekte birçok önemli hastalığın sınır ticareti yolu ile ülkemize girişine yönelik risk oluşturabileceği sonucuna da varılmıştır.

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Epidemiology of EHV-1 and EHV-4 in the mare and foal populations on a Hunter Valley stud farm: are mares the source of EHV-1 for unweaned foals

Cited by 88 publications

References 17 publications

Investigation of the Molecular Detection of Vaccine-Derived Equine Herpesvirus Type 1 in Blood and Nasal Secretions from Horses Following Intramuscular Vaccination

Investigation of the Molecular Detection of Vaccine-Derived Equine Herpesvirus Type 1 in Blood and Nasal Secretions from Horses Following Intramuscular Vaccination

Occurrence of viral diseases in donkeys (Equus asinus) in São Paulo State, Brazil

Seroepidemiological studies of equine herpesviruses 1 (EHV-1) and 4 (EHV-4) infections in working horses from the eastern Turkey

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