Epidemiology of diabetes mellitus, pre-diabetes, undiagnosed and uncontrolled diabetes in Central Iran: results from Yazd health study

Abstract

Background: Over the past few decades, the prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus (DM) has risen rapidly in Iran and other low and middle-income countries. We investigated the prevalence of DM, pre-diabetes, undiagnosed and uncontrolled diabetes and its relationship with some associated socioeconomic factors in the Yazd Greater Area in Iran. Methods: Yazd Health Study is a longitudinal study conducted to determine the prevalence of non-communicable disease and related risk factors. In a two-step cluster sampling, 10,000 adults aged 20-69 years (200 clusters) were selected. In the recruitment phase, DM was considered if the patients had been either diagnosed DM by a physician or had fasting blood glucose ≥ 126 mg/dL. Chi square test was used for categorical variables to evaluate the differences and logistic regression model was applied to determine the predictors of diabetes.. P-value < 0.05 considered statistically significant. Results: Of the 9965 individuals recruited, the crude self-reported prevalence of DM was 14.1% (95% CI: 13.4-14.7). The prevalence was higher in women than men (15.6 vs.12.4%), significantly. The age-standardized prevalence of DM was 8%. The prevalence was 14.9% in Yazd local people and 8.6% in those residents migrated from other provinces (P < 0.0001). We showed a significant association between DM prevalence and age, education, marital status, unemployment, insurance status, and positive family history (P < 0.0001). The prevalence of DM diagnosed by phycisians was 16.1% in participants (age-standardized prevalence: 8.3%). The subset analysis showed that 4.8% of patients were not aware of their disease. The prevalence of pre-diabetes was 25.8%. Of those with diabetes, 58.3% were not adequately controlled, which is not statistically significant with socioeconomic status. Conclusion: The current study showed a high prevalence of DM in Yazd Greater Area which is closely related to some socio-demographic factors. The high prevalence of pre-diabetes is alarming. Effective strategies for DM prevention should be introduced. The majority of people with diabetes are aware, but half of them are not controlled. The ineffective care plan currently in use, should be reviewed. Patients needs to be encouraged to improve their lifestyle. Active follow-up of patients is recommended to ensure continuity of care.

Health-related quality of life and its associated factors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

“…According to a report by World Health Organization (WHO), Yazd city, a world heritage city located in center of Iran, has the highest prevalence (14.9%) of T2DM based on hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) among all cities of Iran. 12,13 The aim of the present study was to describe the HRQoL of patients with T2DM by Iranian EQ-5D-5L in Yazd province and analyze the impact of sociodemographic and clinical factors on HRQoL.…”

Randomized double‐blind clinical trial examining the Ellagic acid effects on glycemic status, insulin resistance, antioxidant, and inflammatory factors in patients with type 2 diabetes

“…Studies have shown that in 2011 almost 11.9% of Iranian adults had diabetes, which is almost 35% higher than in 2005. It is also estimated that in 2030, about 10 million of Iranian people will develop diabetes (Mirzaei, Rahmaninan, Mirzaei, Nadjarzadeh, & Dehghani tafti, 2020). In general, the detrimental effects of hyperglycemia are divided into macrovascular complications (coronary artery disease, peripheral artery disease, and stroke) and microvascular complications (diabetic nephropathy, neuropathy, and retinopathy) (Fowler, 2008).…”

Causative Factors in Using Medicinal Plants among Type 2 Diabetic Patients: A Qualitative Study

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