Epidemiology of community-acquired pneumonia in children of Latin America and the Caribbean: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Gentile, Ángela; Bardach, Ariel; Ciapponi, Agustín; García-Martí, Sebastián; Aruj, Patricia; Glujovsky, Demián; Calcagno, Juan Ignácio; Mazzoni, Agustina; Colindres, Rómulo E.

doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2011.09.013

Cited by 74 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…Gentile et al (12) reported similar results, as pneumonia cases in their study occured mainly in infancy and early childhood under 2 years old. In the current study most of the cases were from urban areas of Egypt, which was smiliar to the results of FonsecaW et al (13) .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 65%

A Study of the Clinical Characteristics of Hospitalized Pneumonia Patients in Alexandria University Children's Hospital

Eissa¹

2017

JMSCR

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 65%

A Study of the Clinical Characteristics of Hospitalized Pneumonia Patients in Alexandria University Children's Hospital

Eissa¹

2017

JMSCR

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“…When conducted on a mass scale, pneumococcal vaccinations had a significant effect on the risk of incidence and mortality from other serious invasive pneumococcal infections, such as sepsis, meningitis, or less serious non-invasive infections, such as otitis media (24,25).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends in Hospitalization of Children with Bacterial Pneumonia in Poland

Gajewska¹,

Lewtak²,

Scheres³

et al. 2016

Cent Eur J Public Health

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“…Type 14 is a representative serotype conferring high invasive disease potential (9-11). It is also one of the most common etiologic agents of pneumonia in Latin America, the United Kingdom, and Spain and of otitis media in children under 5 years old (12)(13)(14). To further understand the basis for the distinct virulence profiles, we have also examined the nature of host innate immune responses elicited by these clinical isolates during the early stages of infection.…”

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confidence: 99%

Isolation Site Influences Virulence Phenotype of Serotype 14 Streptococcus pneumoniae Strains Belonging to Multilocus Sequence Type 15

et al. 2015

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Streptococcus pneumoniae is a diverse species causing invasive as well as localized infections that result in massive global morbidity and mortality. Strains vary markedly in pathogenic potential, but the molecular basis is obscured by the diversity and plasticity of the pneumococcal genome. We have previously reported that S. pneumoniae serotype 3 isolates belonging to the same multilocus sequence type (MLST) differed markedly in in vitro and in vivo phenotypes, in accordance with the clinical site of isolation, suggesting stable niche adaptation within a clonal lineage. In the present study, we have extended our analysis to serotype 14 clinical isolates from cases of sepsis or otitis media that belong to the same MLST (ST15). In a murine intranasal challenge model, five ST15 isolates (three from blood and two from ears) colonized the nasopharynx to similar extents. However, blood and ear isolates exhibited significant differences in bacterial loads in other host niches (lungs, ear, and brain) at both 24 and 72 h postchallenge. In spite of these differences, blood and ear isolates were present in the lungs at similar levels at 6 h postchallenge, suggesting that early immune responses may underpin the distinct virulence phenotypes. Transcriptional analysis of lung tissue from mice infected for 6 h with blood isolates versus ear isolates revealed 8 differentially expressed genes. Two of these were exclusively expressed in response to infection with the ear isolate. These results suggest a link between the differential capacities to elicit early innate immune responses and the distinct virulence phenotypes of clonally related S. pneumoniae strains. Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) is one of the foremost bacterial pathogens in terms of global morbidity and mortality. Its disease spectrum includes life-threatening infections such as pneumonia, meningitis, and bacteremia as well as lessserious but highly prevalent infections, including otitis media (OM) and sinusitis. Young children and the elderly are at highest risk, with global estimates of pneumococcal deaths in children under 5 years of age approaching 1 million per year (1). Despite this mortality, S. pneumoniae is a component of the normal microflora of the human nasopharynx. It is estimated that at any given time, approximately 10 to 15% of adults and 25 to 40% of healthy children may be asymptomatically colonized with S. pneumoniae (2). Although only a small fraction of carriers progress to invasive or localized pneumococcal disease, the scale of the denominator results in massive global disease burden.S. pneumoniae is a diverse, genetically plastic species, and the 93 known capsular serotypes are superimposed on Ͼ5,000 sequence types (ST) recognizable by multilocus sequence type (MLST) analysis (3). It has a core genome of roughly 1,500 genes common to all strains, with the remaining 30% of the genome comprising accessory regions (AR) present in some but not all clonal lineages. Individual S. pneumoniae strains differ markedly in their capacity to ca...

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Epidemiology of community-acquired pneumonia in children of Latin America and the Caribbean: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Cited by 74 publications

References 56 publications

A Study of the Clinical Characteristics of Hospitalized Pneumonia Patients in Alexandria University Children's Hospital

A Study of the Clinical Characteristics of Hospitalized Pneumonia Patients in Alexandria University Children's Hospital

Trends in Hospitalization of Children with Bacterial Pneumonia in Poland

Isolation Site Influences Virulence Phenotype of Serotype 14 Streptococcus pneumoniae Strains Belonging to Multilocus Sequence Type 15

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